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Isotopes of Astatine

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Astatine.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Astatine isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element astatine are summarized under astatine isotopes; these consist of an atomic nucleus with 85 protons and, in the uncharged state, 85 electrons. The difference between the individual astatine isotopes lies in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

More than 20 isotopes of the chemical element astatine are known, but they are all unstable and very short-lived; the nuclide At-210 has the longest lifetime with a half-life of 8.3 hours.

In nature, astatine isotopes occur within natural radioactive decay chains; Astatine is considered the rarest naturally occurring element.

Certain astatine isotopes can be artificially produced by bombarding bismuth atoms with α-particles. There are no practical applications for the element; However, in 2008 an article appeared on the potential of astatine-211 therapy in prostate cancer [Michael J. Willhauck et al., 2008].

 

Isotope Table: Astatine

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Astatine isotopes. Further information on the individual Astatine isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Astatine-19019085At105190 u
[189.9533763 u]
{0 MeV}		(10-)
Astatine-19119185At106191.004148(17) u
[190.9575243 u]
{3.86384 MeV}		(1/2+)
Astatine-191m191m85At106191.004148(17) u
[190.9575243 u]
{3.86384 MeV}		(7/2-)
Astatine-19219285At107192.00314(3) u
[191.9565163 u]
{2.92489 MeV}		(9-,10-)
Astatine-192m192m85At107192.00314(3) u
[191.9565163 u]
{2.92489 MeV}
Astatine-19319385At108192.999928(23) u
[192.9533043 u]
{-0.06707 MeV}		(1/2+)
Astatine-193m1193m185At108192.999928(23) u
[192.9533043 u]
{-0.06707 MeV}		(7/2-)
Astatine-193m2193m285At108192.999928(23) u
[192.9533043 u]
{-0.06707 MeV}		(13/2+)
Astatine-19419485At109193.999227(2) u
[193.9526033 u]
{-0.72004 MeV}
Astatine-194m194m85At109193.999227(2) u
[193.9526033 u]
{-0.72004 MeV}
Astatine-19519585At110194.996274(10) u
[194.9496503 u]
{-3.47075 MeV}		(1/2+)199Fr
Astatine-195m195m85At110194.996274(10) u
[194.9496503 u]
{-3.47075 MeV}		(7/2-)
Astatine-19619685At111195.99580(3) u
[195.9491763 u]
{-3.91227 MeV}		(3+)200Fr
Astatine-196m196m85At111195.99580(3) u
[195.9491763 u]
{-3.91227 MeV}		(5+)
Astatine-19719785At112196.993177(9) u
[196.9465533 u]
{-6.35558 MeV}		(9/2-)201Fr
Astatine-197m197m85At112196.993177(9) u
[196.9465533 u]
{-6.35558 MeV}		(1/2+)
Astatine-19819885At113197.992792(6) u
[197.9461683 u]
{-6.71421 MeV}		(3+)202Fr
Astatine-198m198m85At113197.992792(6) u
[197.9461683 u]
{-6.71421 MeV}		(10-)
Astatine-19919985At114198.990528(6) u
[198.9439043 u]
{-8.82311 MeV}		(9/2-)203Fr
Astatine-20020085At115199.990351(26) u
[199.9437273 u]
{-8.98799 MeV}		(3+)204Fr
Astatine-200m1200m185At115199.990351(26) u
[199.9437273 u]
{-8.98799 MeV}		(7+)
Astatine-200m2200m285At115199.990351(26) u
[199.9437273 u]
{-8.98799 MeV}		(10-)
Astatine-20120185At116200.988417(9) u
[200.9417933 u]
{-10.7895 MeV}		(9/2-)205Fr
Astatine-20220285At117201.98863(3) u
[201.9420063 u]
{-10.59109 MeV}		(2+,3+)206Fr
Astatine-202m1202m185At117201.98863(3) u
[201.9420063 u]
{-10.59109 MeV}		(7+)
Astatine-202m2202m285At117201.98863(3) u
[201.9420063 u]
{-10.59109 MeV}		(10-)
Astatine-20320385At118202.986943(11) u
[202.9403193 u]
{-12.16252 MeV}		9/2-207Fr
Astatine-20420485At119203.987251(24) u
[203.9406273 u]
{-11.87562 MeV}		7+208Fr
Astatine-204m204m85At119203.987251(24) u
[203.9406273 u]
{-11.87562 MeV}		10-
Astatine-20520585At120204.986074(16) u
[204.9394503 u]
{-12.97199 MeV}		9/2-209Fr
205Rn
Astatine-205m205m85At120204.986074(16) u
[204.9394503 u]
{-12.97199 MeV}		29/2+
Astatine-20620685At121205.986656(16) u
[205.9400323 u]
{-12.42986 MeV}		(5)+210Fr
206Rn
Astatine-20720785At122206.985800(13) u
[206.9391763 u]
{-13.22721 MeV}		9/2-211Fr
207Rn
Astatine-20820885At123207.986613(10) u
[207.9399893 u]
{-12.46991 MeV}		6+212Fr
208Rn
Astatine-20920985At124208.986169(5) u
[208.9395453 u]
{-12.88349 MeV}		9/2-213Fr
209Rn
Astatine-209m209m85At124208.986170(5) u
[208.9395463 u]
{-12.88256 MeV}		29/2+
Astatine-21021085At125209.987147(8) u
[209.9405233 u]
{-11.97249 MeV}		(5)+214Fr
210Rn
Astatine-210m1210m185At125209.987147(8) u
[209.9405233 u]
{-11.97249 MeV}		(15)-
Astatine-210m2210m285At125209.987147(8) u
[209.9405233 u]
{-11.97249 MeV}		(19)+
Astatine-21121185At126210.9874961(29) u
[210.9408724 u]
{-11.64731 MeV}		9/2-215Fr
211Rn
Astatine-211m211m85At126210.9874961(29) u
[210.9408724 u]
{-11.64731 MeV}		(39/2-)
Astatine-21221285At127211.9907372(26) u
[211.9441135 u]
{-8.62824 MeV}		(1-)216Fr
Astatine-212m1212m185At127211.9907372(26) u
[211.9441135 u]
{-8.62824 MeV}		(9-)
Astatine-212m2212m285At127211.9907372(26) u
[211.9441135 u]
{-8.62824 MeV}		(25-)
Astatine-21321385At128212.992937(5) u
[212.9463133 u]
{-6.57914 MeV}		9/2-217Fr
Astatine-21421485At129213.996372(5) u
[213.9497483 u]
{-3.37946 MeV}		1-218Fr
Astatine-214m1214m185At129213.996372(5) u
[213.9497483 u]
{-3.37946 MeV}
Astatine-214m2214m285At129213.996372(5) u
[213.9497483 u]
{-3.37946 MeV}		9-
Astatine-21521585At130214.998652(7) u
[214.9520283 u]
{-1.25565 MeV}		9/2-219Fr
215Po
Astatine-21621685At131216.002423(4) u
[215.9557993 u]
{2.25701 MeV}		1-220Fr
Astatine-216m216m85At131216.002423(4) u
[215.9557993 u]
{2.25701 MeV}		(9-)
Astatine-21721785At132217.004718(5) u
[216.9580943 u]
{4.39479 MeV}		9/2-221Fr
Astatine-21821885At133218.008696(12) u
[217.9620723 u]
{8.10027 MeV}		(3-,2-)218Po
Astatine-21921985At134219.011161(3) u
[219011160.95338 u]
{204007378407.35 MeV}		(9/2-)223Fr
Astatine-22022085At135220.015433(15) u
[219.9688093 u]
{14.37575 MeV}		3
Astatine-22122185At136221.018017(15) u
[220.9713933 u]
{16.78273 MeV}
Astatine-22222285At137222.022494(17) u
[221.9758703 u]
{20.95303 MeV}
Astatine-22322385At138223.025151(15) u
[222.9785273 u]
{23.42801 MeV}
Astatine-22422485At139224.029749(24) u
[223.9831253 u]
{27.71102 MeV}
Astatine-22522585At140225.03263(32) u
[224.9860063 u]
{30.39465 MeV}
Astatine-22622685At141226.03721(32) u
[225.9905863 u]
{34.66089 MeV}
Astatine-22722785At142227.04024(32) u
[226.9936163 u]
{37.48332 MeV}
Astatine-22822885At143228.04475(43) u
[227.9981263 u]
{41.68436 MeV}
Astatine-22922985At144229.04812(43) u
[229.0014963 u]
{44.82349 MeV}

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
At-190ca. 1 msα → 186Bi100 %
At-191ca. 1.7 msα → 187Bi100 %7.822(14) MeVAL
At-191mca. 2.1 msα → 187Bi100 %AL
At-19288(6) msα → 188Bi≤ 100 %7.696(26) MeVAL
At-192m11.5(6) msα → 188Bi≤ 100 %AL
At-193ca. 28 msα → 189Bi100 %7.572(7) MeVAL
At-193m121(5) msα → 189Bi100 %AL
At-193m2ca. 27 msα → 189Bi
Iso → 193At		24(10) %
76(10) %
At-194ca. 40 msα → 190Bi
EC/β+ → 194Po		?
?		7.454(11) MeV
10.284(28) MeV		AL
At-194mca. 250 msα → 190Bi
EC/β+ → 194Po
Iso → 194At		?
?
?

AL
At-195290(20) msα → 191Bi100 %7.344(6) MeVAL
At-195m143(3) msα → 191Bi
Iso → 195At		88(4) %
12(4) %
AL
At-196388(7) msα → 192Bi
EC/β+ → 196Po		95.1 %
4.9 %		7.195(3) MeV
9.56(3) MeV		AL
At-196m11(2) μs
At-197388(6) msα → 193Bi
EC/β+ → 197Po		96.1(12) %
3.9(12) %		7.104(3) MeV
7.00(5) MeV		AL
At-197m2.0(2) sα → 193Bi
EC/β+ → 197Po
Iso → 197At		< 100 %
?
< 0.004 %

AL
At-1984.2(2) sα → 194Bi
EC/β+ → 198Po		90(10) %
10(10) %		6.8894(19) MeV
8.759(18) MeV		AL
At-198m1.21(6) sα → 194Bi
EC/β+ → 198Po		84(16) %
16(16) %
AL
At-1997.03(15) sα → 195Bi
EC/β+ → 199Po		90(5) %
10(5) %		6.7773(11) MeV
6.385(19) MeV		AL
At-20043(1) sα → 196Bi
EC/β+ → 200Po		52(3) %
48(3) %		6.5962(13) MeV
7.954(26) MeV		AL
At-200m147(1) sα → 196Bi
EC/β+ → 200Po		43(7) %
≤ 57 %
AL
At-200m2ca. 7.3 sα → 196Bi
Iso, EC/β+ → 		ca. 10.5 %
89.5 %
AL
At-20185.2(16) sα → 197Bi
EC/β+ → 201Po		71(7) %
29(7) %		6.4728(16) MeV
5.732(10) MeV		AL
At-202184(1) sα → 198Bi
EC/β+ → 202Po		37(7) %
63(7) %		6.3538(13) MeV
7.351(29) MeV		AL
At-202m1182(2) sα → 198Bi
EC/β+ → 202Po		8.7(15) %
91.3(15) %
AL
At-202m20.46(5) sα → 198Bi
Iso → 202At		0.096(11) %
99.90(1) %
AL
At-2037.4(2) minα → 199Bi
EC/β+ → 203Po		31(3) %
69(3) %		6.2101(8) MeV
5.148(14) MeV		AL
At-2049.12(11) minα → 200Bi
EC/β+ → 204Po		3.91(16) %
96.09(16) %		6.0704(12) MeV
6.466(25) MeV		AL
At-204m108(10) msIso → 204At100 %AL
At-20526.9(8) minα → 201Bi
EC/β+ → 205Po		10(2) %
90(2) %		6.0196(17) MeV
4.549(18) MeV		AL
At-205m7.76(14) μs
At-20630.6(8) minα → 202Bi
EC/β+ → 206Po		0.90(8) %
99.10(8) %		5.887(5) MeV
5.759(16) MeV		AL
At-2071.81(3) hα → 203Bi
EC/β+ → 207Po		8.6(10) %
91.4(10) %		5.872(3) MeV
3.918(14) MeV		AL
At-2081.63(3) hα → 204Bi
EC/β+ → 208Po		0.55(6) %
99.45(6) %		5.7511(22) MeV
5.000(9) MeV		AL
At-2095.42(5) hα → 205Bi
EC/β+ → 209Po		4.1(5) %
95.9(5) %		5.7569(20) MeV
3.482(5) MeV		AL
At-209m0.916(10) μs
At-2108.1(4) hα → 206Bi
EC/β+ → 210Po		0.175(20) %
99.825(20) %		5.6312(10) MeV
3.981(8) MeV		AL
At-210m10.482(6) μs
At-210m25.66(7) μs
At-2117.214(7) hα → 207Bi
EC → 211Po		41.80(8) %
58.20(8) %		5.9824(13) MeV
0.785(3) MeV		AL
At-211m4.23(7) μsIso → 211At100 %
At-212314(2) msα → 208Bi
EC/β+ → 212Po
β- → 212Rn		> 99 %
<< 1 %
<< 1 %		7.8171(6) MeV
1.7413(26) MeV
0.031(4) MeV		AL
At-212m1119(3) msα → 208Bi
Iso → 212At		> 99 %
≤ 1 %
AL
At-212m2152(5) μsIso → 212At
At-213125(6) nsα → 209Bi100 %9.254(5) MeVAL
At-214558(10) nsα → 210Bi100 %8.987(4) MeVAL
At-214m1265(20) nsα → 210Bi< 100 %
At-214m2760(15) nsα → 210Bi≤ 100 %
At-2150.10(2) msα → 211Bi100 %8.178(4) MeVAL
At-2160.30(3) msα → 212Bi
EC → 216Po
β- → 216Rn		> 99 %
<< 1 %
<< 1%		7.950(3) MeV
0.474(4) MeV
2.004(7) MeV		AL
At-216m0.1 msα → 212Bi100 %
At-21732.6(3) msα → 213Bi
β- → 217Rn		99.993(3) %
0.007(3) %		7.2013(12) MeV
0.736(6) MeV		AL
At-2181.28(6) sα → 214Bi
β- → 218Rn		99.95(5) %
0.05(5) %		6.8761(26) MeV
2.883(12) MeV		AL
At-21956(3) sα → 215Bi
β- → 219Rn		93.6(10) %
6.4(10) %		6.342(5) MeV
1.5667(29) MeV		AL
At-2203.71(4) minα → 216Bi
β- → 220Rn		8(2) %
92(2) %		6.077(18) MeV
3.764(14) MeV		AL
At-2212.3(2) minβ- → 221Rn100 %2.311(15) MeVAL
At-22254(10) sβ- → 222Rn100 %4.581(16) MeVAL
At-22350(7) sβ- → 223Rn100 %3.038(16) MeVAL
At-2241.3 minβ- → 224Rn?5.266(24) MeVAL
At-225> 300 nsβ- → 225Rn?3.86(30) MeVAL
At-226> 300 nsβ- → 226Rn?5.91(30) MeVAL
At-227> 300 nsβ- → 227Rn
β-, n → 226Rn		?
?		4.60(30) MeV
0.66(30) MeV		AL
At-228> 300 nsβ- → 228Rn?6.44(40) MeVAL
At-229> 300 nsβ- → 229Rn
β-, n → 228Rn		?
?		5.46(40) MeV
1.51(40) MeV		AL

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Astatine isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Astatine isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Astatine radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
At-207106 Bq10 Bq/g1.8 h
At-211+107 Bq1000 Bq/g10 Bq cm-27.2 h

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Astatine nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Astatine: NMR properties

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - G. W. Barton, Jr., A. Ghiorso, I. Perlman:
Radioactivity of Astatine Isotopes.
In: Physical Review, (1951), DOI 10.1103/PhysRev.82.13.

[10] - L.M. Cobb et al.:
Toxicity of Astatine-211 in the Mouse.
In: Human and Experimental Toxicology, (1988), DOI 10.1177/096032718800700602.

[11] - Michael J. Willhauck et al.:
The potential of 211Astatine for NIS-mediated radionuclide therapy in prostate cancer.
In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, (2008), DOI 10.1007/s00259-008-0775-4.

[12] - David Leimbach, Julia Karls, Yangyang Guo et al.:
The electron affinity of astatine.
In: Nature Communications, (2020), DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3924371.

 

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