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Isotopes of Bromine

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Bromine.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Bromine isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element bromine are summarized under bromine isotopes; these consist of an atomic nucleus with 35 protons and, in the uncharged state, 35 electrons. The difference between the individual bromine isotopes lies in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

 

Naturally Occurring Bromine Isotopes

Bromine occurs in nature as a mixture of the two stable isotopes bromine-79 and bromine-81, which each make up about half of the isotopic composition.

Atomic Mass maQuantityHalf-lifeSpin
Bromine
Isotopic mixture		79,904 u100 %
Isotope 79Br78,918338(9) u50,65 %stable3/2-
Isotope 81Br80,91690(9) u49,35 %stable3/2-

 

All other known bromine nuclides are unstable and decay with half-lives of 57 hours or less.

 

Isotope Table: Bromine

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Bromine isotopes. Further information on the individual Bromine isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Bromine-666635Br31
Bromine-676735Br32
Bromine-686835Br3367.95852(38) u
[67.9393204 u]
{-38.63837 MeV}		3+
Bromine-696935Br3468.95034(5) u
[68.9311404 u]
{-46.25799 MeV}		(5/2-)
Bromine-707035Br3569.944792(16) u
[69.9255924 u]
{-51.42592 MeV}		0+70Kr
Bromine-70m70m35Br3569.944792(16) u
[69.9255924 u]
{-51.42592 MeV}		9+
Bromine-717135Br3670.939342(6) u
[70.9201424 u]
{-56.50256 MeV}		(5/2)-71Kr
Bromine-727235Br3771.9365946(11) u
[71.917395 u]
{-59.06175 MeV}		1+72Kr
Bromine-72m72m35Br3771.9365946(11) u
[71.917395 u]
{-59.06175 MeV}		(3-)
Bromine-737335Br3872.931672(8) u
[72.9124724 u]
{-63.64712 MeV}		1/2-73Kr
Bromine-747435Br3973.929910(6) u
[73.9107104 u]
{-65.28841 MeV}		(0-)74Kr
Bromine-74m74m35Br3973.929910(6) u
[73.9107104 u]
{-65.28841 MeV}		4(+)
Bromine-757535Br4074.925811(5) u
[74.9066114 u]
{-69.10661 MeV}		3/2-75Kr
Bromine-767635Br4175.924542(10) u
[75.9053424 u]
{-70.28867 MeV}		1-76Kr
Bromine-76m76m35Br4175.924542(10) u
[75.9053424 u]
{-70.28867 MeV}		(4)+
Bromine-777735Br4276.921379(3) u
[76.9021794 u]
{-73.23499 MeV}		3/2-77Kr
Bromine-77m77m35Br4276.921379(3) u
[76.9021794 u]
{-73.23499 MeV}		9/2+
Bromine-787835Br4377.921146(4) u
[77.9019464 u]
{-73.45203 MeV}		1+
Bromine-78m78m35Br4377.921146(4) u
[77.9019464 u]
{-73.45203 MeV}		(4+)
Bromine-797935Br4478.918338(9) u
[78.8991384 u]
{-76.06766 MeV}		3/2-79Kr
79Se
Bromine-79m79m35Br4478.918338(9) u
[78.8991384 u]
{-76.06766 MeV}		9/2+
Bromine-808035Br4579.9185298(11) u
[79.8993302 u]
{-75.889 MeV}		1+
Bromine-80m80m35Br4579.9185298(11) u
[79.8993302 u]
{-75.889 MeV}		5-
Bromine-818135Br4680.91690(9) u
[80.8977004 u]
{-77.40715 MeV}		3/2-81Kr
81Se
Bromine-81m81m35Br4680.91690(9) u
[80.8977004 u]
{-77.40715 MeV}		9/2+
Bromine-828235Br4781.9168018(10) u
[81.8976022 u]
{-77.49862 MeV}		5-
Bromine-82m82m35Br4781.9168018(10) u
[81.8976022 u]
{-77.49862 MeV}		2-
Bromine-838335Br4882.915175(4) u
[82.8959754 u]
{-79.01398 MeV}		3/2-83Se
Bromine-848435Br4983.916496(28) u
[83.8972964 u]
{-77.78347 MeV}		2-84Se
Bromine-84m184m135Br4983.916496(28) u
[83.8972964 u]
{-77.78347 MeV}		(6)-
Bromine-84m284m235Br4983.916496(28) u
[83.8972964 u]
{-77.78347 MeV}		1+
Bromine-858535Br5084.915646(3) u
[84.8964464 u]
{-78.57524 MeV}		3/2-85Se
Bromine-868635Br5185.918805(3) u
[85.8996054 u]
{-75.63266 MeV}		(1-)86Se
87Se
Bromine-878735Br5286.920674(3) u
[86.9014744 u]
{-73.89169 MeV}		(5/2-)87Se
Bromine-888835Br5387.924083(3) u
[87.9048834 u]
{-70.71623 MeV}		(2-)88Se
Bromine-88m188m135Br5387.924083(3) u
[87.9048834 u]
{-70.71623 MeV}		(3-,4-,5-)
Bromine-898935Br5488.926705(4) u
[88.9075054 u]
{-68.27385 MeV}		(3/2-,5/2-)89Se
Bromine-909035Br5589.931293(4) u
[89.9120934 u]
{-64.00016 MeV}
Bromine-919135Br5690.934399(4) u
[90.9151994 u]
{-61.10694 MeV}
Bromine-929235Br5791.939632(7) u
[91.9204324 u]
{-56.23243 MeV}		(2-)
Bromine-939335Br5892.94322(46) u
[92.9240204 u]
{-52.89023 MeV}		(5/2-)
Bromine-949435Br5993.94911(32) u
[93.9299104 u]
{-47.40373 MeV}
Bromine-959535Br6094.95301(32) u
[94.9338104 u]
{-43.7709 MeV}
Bromine-969635Br6195.95903(32) u
[95.9398304 u]
{-38.16331 MeV}
Bromine-979735Br6296.96344(43) u
[96.9442404 u]
{-34.05542 MeV}		(3/2-)
Bromine-989835Br6397.96967(43) u
[97.9504704 u]
{-28.25221 MeV}

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Br-66- ungelistet -AL
Br-67- ungelistet -AL
Br-6850 nsp → 67SeAL
Br-6924 nsp → 68Se100 %AL
Br-7079.1(8) msEC/β+ → 70Se100 %10.504(15) MeVAL
Br-70m2.2(2) sEC/β+ → 70Se100 %AL
Br-7121.4(6) sEC/β+ → 71Se100 %6.644(6) MeVAL
Br-7278.6(24) sEC/β+ → 72Se100 %8.8064(22) MeVAL
Br-72m10.6(3) sEC/β+ → 72Se
Iso → 72Br		?
ca. 100 %
AL
Br-733.4(2) minEC/β+ → 73Se100 %4.58(1) MeVAL
Br-7425.4(3) minEC/β+ → 74Se100 %6.925(6) MeVAL
Br-74m46(2) minEC/β+ → 74Se100 %AL
Br-7596.7(13) minEC/β+ → 75Se100 %3.062(4) MeVAL
Br-7616.2(2) hEC/β+ → 76Se100 %4.963(9) MeVAL
Br-76m1.31(2) sEC/β+ → 76Se
Iso → 76Br		< 0.6 %
> 99.4 %
AL
Br-7757.04(12) hEC/β+ → 77Se100 %1.3647(28) MeVAL
Br-77m4.28(10) minIso → 77Br100 %AL
Br-786.45(4) minEC/β+ → 78Se
β- → 78Kr		≥ 99.99 %
≤ 0.01 %		3.574(4) MeV
0.726(4) MeV		AL
Br-78m119.4(10) μsIso → 78Br100 %AL
Br-79stableAL
Br-79m4.86(4) sIso → 79Br100 %AL
Br-8017.68(2) minEC/β+ → 80Se
β- → 80Kr		8.3(2) %
91.7(2) %		1.8705(14) MeV
2.0044(11) MeV		AL
Br-80m4.4205(8) hIso → 80Br100 %AL
Br-81stableAL
Br-81m34.6(28) μs
Br-8235.282(7) hβ- → 82Kr100 %3.0931(10) MeVAL
Br-82m6.13(5) minβ- → 82Kr
Iso → 82Br		2.4(3) %
97.6(3) %		3.139 MeV
0.046 MeV		AL
Br-832.374(4) hβ- → 83Kr100 %0.977(4) MevAL
Br-8431.76(8) minβ- → 84Kr100 %4.656(26) MeVAL
Br-84m16.0(2) minβ- → 84Kr100 %4.97 MeVAL
Br-84m20.14 μs
Br-852.90(6) minβ- → 85Kr100 %2.905(4) MeVAL
Br-8655.1(4) sβ- → 86Kr100 %7.633(3) MeVAL
Br-8755.68(12) sβ- → 87Kr
β-, n → 86Kr		97.40(4) %
2.60(4) %		6.818(3) MeV
1.303(3) MeV		AL
Br-8816.34(8) sβ- → 88Kr
β-, n → 87Kr		93.42(18) %
6.58(18) %		8.975(4) MeV
1.922(3) MeV		AL
Br-88m15.3(4) μsIso → 88Br100 %
Br-894.357(22) sβ- → 89Kr
β-, n → 88Kr		86.2 %
13.8 %		8.262(4) MeV
3.346(4) MeV		AL
Br-901.91(1) sβ- 90Kr
β-, n → 89Kr		74.8 %
25.2 %		10.959(4) Mev
4.464(4) MeV		AL
Br-91543(4) msβ- → 91Kr
β-, n → 90Kr		80 %
20 %		9.867(4) MeV
5.781(4) MeV		AL
Br-92314(16) msβ- → 92Kr
β-, n → 91Kr		66.9(25) %
33.1(25)		12.537(7) MeV
6.67(7) MeV		AL
Br-93102(10) msβ- → 93Kr
β-, n → 92Kr		32(7) %
68(7) %		11.25(43) MeV
7.81(43) MeV		AL
Br-9470(20) msβ- → 94Kr
β-, n → 93Kr		32(16) %
68(16) %		13.95(30) MeV
8.66(30) MeV		AL
Br-95150 nsβ- → 95Kr
β-, n → 94Kr		66 %
34 %		12.39(30) MeV
9.51(30) MeV		AL
Br-96150 nsβ- → 96Kr
β-, n → 95Kr		ca. 73 %
ca. 27 %		14.92(30) MeV
9.92(30) MeV		AL
Br-97300 nsβ- ? AL
Br-98634 nsβ- ?
β-, n ?
β-, 2n ?



AL

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Bromine isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Bromine isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Bromine nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
79Br
50,65 %
3/2-		+2,1046(6)6,7256
{+ 0,3087(2)}		10,70420,07945
1,2570
81Br
49,35 %
3/2-		+2,2686(6)7,2498
{+ 0,2579(2)}		11,53840,09951
1,3550

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Bromine radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Br-74105 Bq10 Bq/g25.4 min
Br-74m105 Bq10 Bq/g46.0 min
Br-75106 Bq10 Bq/g1.6 h
Br-76105 Bq10 Bq/g0,03 TBq16.2 h
Br-77106 Bq100 Bq/g0,2 TBq57.0 h
Br-80105 Bq100 Bq/g17.6 min
Br-80m+107 Bq1000 Bq/g4.4 h
Br-82106 Bq1 Bq/g0,03 TBq1 Bq/cm235.3 h
Br-83+106 Bq1000 Bq/g2.4 h
Br-84105 Bq10 Bq/g31.8 min

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Bromine nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Bromine: NMR properties - 79Br-NMR, 81Br-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - J.L. Gross, J. Claes, J. Kathawa, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of zinc, selenium, bromine, and neodymium isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2012), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2011.12.001.

 

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