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Isotopes of Cadmium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Cadmium.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Cadmium isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element cadmium are summarized under cadmium isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 48 protons and, in the uncharged state, 48 electrons. The difference between each cadmium isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

 

Naturally Occurring Cadmium Isotopes

The natural terrestrial cadmium deposits are made up of a total of 8 different isotopes, six of which are considered to be stable and two of which slowly decay with very long half-lives:

Atomic Mass maQuantityHalf-lifeSpin
Cadmium
Isotopic mixture		112,414 u100 %
Isotope 106Cd105,906460(8) u1,245(22) %stable0+
Isotope 108Cd107,904183(8) u0,888(11) %stable0+
Isotope 110Cd109,903007(4) u12,470(61) %stable0+
Isotope 111Cd110,904183(4) u12,795(12) %stable1/2+
Isotope 112Cd111,902763(4) u24,109(7) %stable0+
Isotope 113Cd112,904408(3) u12,227(7) %8.04(5) × 1015 a1/2+
Isotope 114Cd113,903365(3) u28,754(81) %stable0+
Isotope 116Cd115,904763(2) u7,512(54) %3.3(4) × 1019 a0+

 

In addition to the natural isotopes, 31 other nuclides of cadmium are known.

All other known and characterized cadmium nuclides are unstable; with a half-life of 6.5 million years, the cadmium isotope 107 is the longest-lived radioisotope.

 

Isotope Table: Cadmium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Cadmium isotopes. Further information on the individual Cadmium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Cadmium-949448Cd4693.95691(54) u
[93.9305796 u]
{-40.13808 MeV}		0+
Cadmium-959548Cd47
Cadmium-969648Cd4895.94034(43) u
[95.9140096 u]
{-55.57293 MeV}		0+
Cadmium-979748Cd4996.93510(32) u
[96.9087696 u]
{-60.45396 MeV}		(9/2+)
Cadmium-989848Cd5097.92739(6) u
[97.9010596 u]
{-67.63578 MeV}		0+
Cadmium-999948Cd5198.9249258(17) u
[98.8985954 u]
{-69.93117 MeV}		(5/2+)
Cadmium-10010048Cd5299.9203488(18) u
[99.8940184 u]
{-74.19461 MeV}		0+100In
101Sn
Cadmium-10110148Cd53100.9185862(16) u
[100.8922558 u]
{-75.83647 MeV}		(5/2+)101In
Cadmium-10210248Cd54101.9144818(18) u
[101.8881514 u]
{-79.65969 MeV}		0+102In
Cadmium-10310348Cd55102.9134169(19) u
[102.8870865 u]
{-80.65164 MeV}		(5/2)+103In
Cadmium-10410448Cd56103.9098562(18) u
[103.8835258 u]
{-83.96841 MeV}		0+104In
Cadmium-10510548Cd57104.9094639(15) u
[104.8831335 u]
{-84.33383 MeV}		5/2+105In
Cadmium-10610648Cd58105.906460(8) u
[105.8801296 u]
{-87.13195 MeV}		0+106In
106Ag
Cadmium-10710748Cd59106.9066121(18) u
[106.8802817 u]
{-86.99027 MeV}		5/2+107In
Cadmium-10810848Cd60107.904183(8) u
[107.8778526 u]
{-89.25296 MeV}		0+108In
108Ag
Cadmium-10910948Cd61108.9049867(16) u
[108.8786563 u]
{-88.50432 MeV}		5/2+109In
Cadmium-109m1109m148Cd61108.9049867(16) u
[108.8786563 u]
{-88.50432 MeV}		1/2+
Cadmium-109m2109m248Cd61108.9049867(16) u
[108.8786563 u]
{-88.50432 MeV}		11/2-
Cadmium-11011048Cd62109.903007(4) u
[109.8766766 u]
{-90.3484 MeV}		0+110In
110Ag
Cadmium-11111148Cd63110.904183(4) u
[110.8778526 u]
{-89.25296 MeV}		1/2+111In
111Ag
Cadmium-111m111m48Cd63110.904183(4) u
[110.8778526 u]
{-89.25296 MeV}		11/2-
Cadmium-11211248Cd64111.902763(4) u
[111.8764326 u]
{-90.57568 MeV}		0+112In
112Ag
Cadmium-11311348Cd65112.904408(3) u
[112.8780776 u]
{-89.04337 MeV}		1/2+113Ag
Cadmium-113m113m48Cd65112.904408(3) u
[112.8780776 u]
{-89.04337 MeV}		11/2-
Cadmium-11411448Cd66113.903365(3) u
[113.8770346 u]
{-90.01492 MeV}		0+114Ag
114In
Cadmium-11511548Cd67114.9054374(7) u
[114.879107 u]
{-88.08449 MeV}		1/2+115Ag
Cadmium-115m115m48Cd67114.9054374(7) u
[114.879107 u]
{-88.08449 MeV}		(11/2)-
Cadmium-115m+115m+48Cd67
Cadmium-11611648Cd68115.904763(2) u
[115.8784326 u]
{-88.71269 MeV}		0+116In
116Ag
Cadmium-11711748Cd69116.9072260(11) u
[116.8808956 u]
{-86.41842 MeV}		1/2+117Ag
Cadmium-117m117m48Cd69116.9072260(11) u
[116.8808956 u]
{-86.41842 MeV}		(11/2)-
Cadmium-11811848Cd70117.906922(21) u
[117.8805916 u]
{-86.7016 MeV}		0+118Ag
Cadmium-11911948Cd71118.90985(4) u
[118.8835196 u]
{-83.97418 MeV}		1/2+119Ag
Cadmium-119m119m48Cd71118.90985(4) u
[118.8835196 u]
{-83.97418 MeV}		(11/2-)
Cadmium-12012048Cd72119.909868(4) u
[119.8835376 u]
{-83.95742 MeV}		0+120Ag
Cadmium-12112148Cd73120.9129637(21) u
[120.8866333 u]
{-81.07379 MeV}		(3/2+)121Ag
Cadmium-121m121m48Cd73120.9129637(21) u
[120.8866333 u]
{-81.07379 MeV}		(11/2-)
Cadmium-12212248Cd74121.9134591(25) u
[121.8871287 u]
{-80.61233 MeV}		0+122Ag
123Ag
Cadmium-12312348Cd75122.9168925(29) u
[122.8905621 u]
{-77.41414 MeV}		(3/2+)123Ag
252Cf
Cadmium-123m123m48Cd75122.9168925(29) u
[122.8905621 u]
{-77.41414 MeV}		(11/2-)
Cadmium-12412448Cd76123.917657(3) u
[123.8913266 u]
{-76.70201 MeV}		0+124Ag
125Ag
Cadmium-12512548Cd77124.921258(3) u
[124.8949276 u]
{-73.3477 MeV}		(3/2+)
Cadmium-125m125m48Cd77124.921258(3) u
[124.8949276 u]
{-73.3477 MeV}		(11/2-)
Cadmium-12612648Cd78125.9224291(27) u
[125.8960987 u]
{-72.25683 MeV}		0+126Ag
Cadmium-12712748Cd79126.926197(13) u
[126.8998666 u]
{-68.74705 MeV}		(3/2+)
Cadmium-12812848Cd80127.927813(8) u
[127.9014826 u]
{-67.24176 MeV}		0+128Ag
Cadmium-12912948Cd81128.932304(18) u
[128.9059736 u]
{-63.05842 MeV}		11/2-
Cadmium-13013048Cd82129.934388(24) u
[129.9080576 u]
{-61.11718 MeV}		0+130Ag
Cadmium-13113148Cd83130.94072(11) u
[130.9143896 u]
{-55.21896 MeV}		(7/2-)
Cadmium-13213248Cd84131.94604(21) u
[131.9197096 u]
{-50.26342 MeV}		0+
Cadmium-13313348Cd85132.95285(32) u
[132.9265196 u]
{-43.91994 MeV}		(7/2-)
Cadmium-13413448Cd86133.95822(43) u
[133.9318896 u]
{-38.91782 MeV}		0+

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Cd-94760 nsEC, p → 94Ag
EC, β+ → 94Ag		?
?
Cd-95- ungelistet -AL
Cd-961.03 sEC/β+ → 96Ag100 %8.94(41) MeVAL
Cd-972.8(6) sEC → 97Ag
EC, p → 96Pd		< 100 %
?		10.37(32) MeV
AL
Cd-989.2(3) sEC/β+ → 98Ag
ε, p → 97Pd		> 99.975 %
< 0.025 %		5.43(6) MeV
AL
Cd-9916(3) sEC/β+ → 99Ag
β+, p → 98Pd
β+, α → 94Rh		99.83 %
0.17 %
0.0004 %		6.781(6) MeV

AL
Cd-10049.1(5) sEC/β+ → 100Ag100 %3.943(5) MeVAL
Cd-1011.36(5) minEC/β+ → 101Ag100 %5.498(5) MeVAL
Cd-1025.5(5) minEC/β+ → 102Ag100 %2.587(8) MeVAL
Cd-1037.3(1) minEC/β+ → 103Ag100 %4.1481 MeVAL
Cd-10457.7(10) minEC/β+ → 104Ag100 %1.148(5) MeVAL
Cd-10555.5(4) minEC/β+ → 105Ag100 %2.737(5) MeVAL
Cd-106stable2 β+ ? 106PdAL
Cd-1076.50(2) hEC/β+ → 107Ag100 %1.4164(29) MeVAL
Cd-108stable2 β+ ? 108PdAL
Cd-109461.9(4) dEC → 109Ag100 %0.2151(20) MeVAL
Cd-109m111.8(16) μsIso → 109Cd100 %
Cd-109m210.6(4) μsIso → 109Cd100 %
Cd-110stableAL
Cd-111stableAL
Cd-111m48.50(9) minIso → 111Cd100 %
Cd-112stableAL
Cd-1138.04(5) × 1015 aβ- → 113In100 %0.32383(26) MeVAL
Cd-113m14.1(5) aβ- → 113In
Iso → 113Cd		99.86 %
0.14 %
Cd-114stable2 β+ ? 114SnAL
Cd-11553.46(5) hβ- → 115In100 %1.4519(7) MeVAL
Cd-115m44.56(24) dβ- → 115In100 %
Cd-115m+
Cd-1163.3(4) × 1019 a2 β- → 116Sn?AL
Cd-1172.49(4) hβ- → 117In100 %2.525(5) MeVAL
Cd-117m3.36(5) hβ- → 117In100 %
Cd-11850.3(2) minβ- → 118In100 %0.527(21) MeVAL
Cd-1192.69(2) minβ- → 119In100 %3.72(4) MeVAL
Cd-119m2.20(2) minβ- → 119In100 %
Cd-12050.80(21) sβ- → 120In100 %1.77(4) MeVAL
Cd-12113.5(3) sβ- → 121In100 %4.762(27) MeVAL
Cd-121m8.3(8) sβ- → 121In100 %
Cd-1225.24(3) sβ- → 122In100 %2.96(5) MeVAL
Cd-1232.10(2) sβ- → 123In100 %6.106(20) MeVAL
Cd-123m1.82(3) sβ- → 123In
Iso → 123Cd		≤ 100 %
?
Cd-1241.25(2) sβ- → 124In100 %4.17(3) MeVAL
Cd-1250.68(4) sβ- → 125In100 %7.129(27) MeVAL
Cd-125m0.48(3) sβ- → 125In100 %
Cd-126515(17) msβ- → 126In100 %5.516(27) MeVAL
Cd-1270.37(7) sβ- → 127In100 %8.149(24) MeVAL
Cd-1280.28(4) sβ- → 128In100 %6.90(15) MeVAL
Cd-129154(2) msβ- → 129In
β-, n → 128In		< 100 %
> 0 %		9.78(17) MeV
3.02(15) MeV		AL
Cd-130162(7) msβ- → 130In
β-, n → 129In		96.5(10) %
3.5(10) %		8.77(4) MeV
3.649(23) MeV		AL
Cd-13168(3) msβ- → 131In
β-, n → 130In		96.5(10) %
3.5(10) %		12.81(10) MeV
6.59(11) MeV		AL
Cd-13284(5) msβ- → 132In
β-, n → 131In
β-, 2n → 130In		< 40 %
60(15) %
?		12.15(20) MeV
9.69(20) MeV
AL
Cd-13357(10) msβ- → 133In
β-, n → 132In
β-, 2n → 131In		?
?
?		13.54(36) MeV
10.42(30) MeV
AL
Cd-13465 msβ- → 134In
β-, n → 133In
β-, 2n → 132In		100 %
?
?		12.74(50) MeV
10.47(44) MeV

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Cadmium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Cadmium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Cadmium nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
111Cd
12,795(12) %
1/2+		-0,5940(3)5,7046
{}		9,06920,00966
0,2130
113Cd
12,227(7) %
1/2+		-0,6213(3)5,9609
{}		9,48710,01106
0,2228

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Cadmium radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Cd-104+107 Bq100 Bq/g57.7 min
Cd-107+107 Bq1000 Bq/g6.5 h
Cd-109+106 Bq1 Bq/g20 TBq100 Bq cm-2Ag-109m462.6 d
Cd-113106 Bq0,1 Bq/g7.7 × 1015 a
Cd-113m106 Bq0,1 Bq/g40 TBq14.6 a
Cd-115+106 Bq10 Bq/g0,2 TBq10 Bq cm-253.5 h
Cd-115m+106 Bq100 Bq/g3 TBq100 Bq cm-244.6 d
Cd-117+106 Bq10 Bq/g2.5 h
Cd-117m106 Bq10 Bq/g3.4 h

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Cadmium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Cadmium: NMR properties - 111Cd-NMR, 113Cd-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - S. Ripperger, M. Rehkämper:
Precise determination of cadmium isotope fractionation in seawater by double spike MC-ICPMS.
In: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, (2007), DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.10.005.

[10] - S. Ripperger, M. Rehkämper, D. Porcelli, A. N. Halliday:
Cadmium isotope fractionation in seawater - A signature of biological activity.
In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, (2007), DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.034.

[11] - Zichen Xue, Mark Rehkämper, Maria Schönbächler, Peter J. Statham, Barry J. Coles:
A new methodology for precise cadmium isotope analyses of seawater.
In: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, (2012), DOI 10.1007/s00216-011-5487-0.

[12] - Wafa Abouchami et al.:
A Common Reference Material for Cadmium Isotope Studies - NIST SRM 3108.
In: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, (2012), DOI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2012.00175.x.

[13] - NN:
Masse des Cadmiumisotops Cd-132 bestimmt.
In: Internetchemie News, (2020).

 

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