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Isotopes of Erbium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Erbium.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Erbium isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element erbium are summarized under erbium isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 68 protons and, in the uncharged state, 68 electrons. The difference between each erbium isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

 

Naturally Occurring Erbium Isotopes

Natural terrestrial erbium deposits consist of a mixture of six different stable isotopes:

Atomic Mass maQuantityHalf-lifeSpin
Erbium
Isotopic mixture		167,259 u100 %
Isotope 162Er161,92879(2) u0,139(5) %stable0+
Isotope 164Er163,92921(2) u1,601(3) %stable0+
Isotope 166Er165,93030(2) u33,503(36) %stable0+
Isotope 167Er166,93205(2) u22,869(9) %stable7/2+
Isotope 168Er167,93238(2) u26,978(18) %stable0+
Isotope 170Er169,93547(2) u14,910(36) %stable0+

 

All other erbium nuclides known and characterized to date are unstable and are of no importance for technical applications.

 

Isotope Table: Erbium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Erbium isotopes. Further information on the individual Erbium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Erbium-14314368Er75142.96644(43) u
[142.9291399 u]
{-31.26094 MeV}		0+
Erbium-14414468Er76143.96070(21) u
[143.9233999 u]
{-36.60771 MeV}		0+145Tm
Erbium-14514568Er77144.95787(21) u
[144.9205699 u]
{-39.24384 MeV}		(1/2+)146Tm
Erbium-145m145m68Er77144.95787(21) u
[144.9205699 u]
{-39.24384 MeV}		(11/2-)
Erbium-14614668Er78145.952418(7) u
[145.9151179 u]
{-44.32235 MeV}		0+147Tm
Erbium-14714768Er79146.94996(4) u
[146.9126599 u]
{-46.61196 MeV}		(1/2+)147Tm
Erbium-147m147m68Er79146.94996(4) u
[146.9126599 u]
{-46.61196 MeV}		(11/2-)
Erbium-14814868Er80147.944735(11) u
[147.9074349 u]
{-51.47902 MeV}		0+
Erbium-148m148m68Er80147.944735(11) u
[147.9074349 u]
{-51.47902 MeV}		(10+)
Erbium-14914968Er81148.94231(3) u
[148.9050099 u]
{-53.73789 MeV}		(1/2+)149Tm
Erbium-149m1149m168Er81148.94231(3) u
[148.9050099 u]
{-53.73789 MeV}		(11/2-)
Erbium-15015068Er82149.937916(18) u
[149.9006159 u]
{-57.83087 MeV}		0+150Tm
151Yb
154Yb
Erbium-15115168Er83150.937449(18) u
[150.9001489 u]
{-58.26588 MeV}		(7/2-)151Tm
155Yb
Erbium-151m151m68Er83150.937449(18) u
[150.9001489 u]
{-58.26588 MeV}		(27/2-)
Erbium-15215268Er84151.935050(9) u
[151.8977499 u]
{-60.50054 MeV}		0+152Tm
153Yb
156Yb
Erbium-15315368Er85152.935084(10) u
[152.8977839 u]
{-60.46886 MeV}		(7/2-)153Tm
157Yb
Erbium-15415468Er86153.932791(5) u
[153.8954909 u]
{-62.60478 MeV}		0+154Tm
158Yb
Erbium-15515568Er87154.933216(7) u
[154.8959159 u]
{-62.2089 MeV}		7/2-155Tm
Erbium-15615668Er88155.931066(26) u
[155.8937659 u]
{-64.21161 MeV}		0+156Tm
Erbium-15715768Er89156.931923(28) u
[156.8946229 u]
{-63.41332 MeV}		3/2-157Tm
Erbium-15815868Er90157.929893(27) u
[157.8925929 u]
{-65.30425 MeV}		0+158Tm
Erbium-15915968Er91158.930691(4) u
[158.8933909 u]
{-64.56092 MeV}		3/2-159Tm
Erbium-16016068Er92159.929077(26) u
[159.8917769 u]
{-66.06435 MeV}		0+160Tm
Erbium-16116168Er93160.930003(9) u
[160.8927029 u]
{-65.20179 MeV}		3/2-161Tm
Erbium-161m161m68Er93160.930003(9) u
[160.8927029 u]
{-65.20179 MeV}		11/2-
Erbium-16216268Er94161.92879(2) u
[161.8914899 u]
{-66.33169 MeV}		0+162Tm
Erbium-16316368Er95162.930040(5) u
[162.8927399 u]
{-65.16732 MeV}		5/2-163Tm
Erbium-16416468Er96163.92921(2) u
[163.8919099 u]
{-65.94046 MeV}		0+164Tm
164Ho
Erbium-16516568Er97164.9307332(10) u
[164.8934331 u]
{-64.52161 MeV}		5/2-165Tm
Erbium-16616668Er98165.93030(2) u
[165.8929999 u]
{-64.92513 MeV}		0+166Tm
166Ho
Erbium-16716768Er99166.93205(2) u
[166.8947499 u]
{-63.29502 MeV}		7/2+167Tm
167Ho
Erbium-167m167m68Er99166.93205(2) u
[166.8947499 u]
{-63.29502 MeV}		1/2-
Erbium-16816868Er100167.93238(2) u
[167.8950799 u]
{-62.98762 MeV}		0+168Tm
168Ho
Erbium-16916968Er101168.9345984(3) u
[168.8972983 u]
{-60.9212 MeV}		1/2-169Ho
Erbium-17017068Er102169.93547(2) u
[169.8981699 u]
{-60.10931 MeV}		0+170Ho
170Tm
Erbium-17117168Er103170.9380361(17) u
[170.900736 u]
{-57.719 MeV}		5/2-171Ho
Erbium-17217268Er104171.939362(4) u
[171.9020619 u]
{-56.48393 MeV}		0+172Ho
Erbium-17317368Er105172.94240(21) u
[172.9050999 u]
{-53.65405 MeV}		(7/2-)
Erbium-17417468Er106173.94423(32) u
[173.9069299 u]
{-51.94942 MeV}		0+
Erbium-17517568Er107174.94777(43) u
[174.9104699 u]
{-48.65193 MeV}		(9/2+)
Erbium-17617668Er108175.94994(43) u
[175.9126399 u]
{-46.63059 MeV}		0+
Erbium-17717768Er109176.95399(54) u
[176.9166899 u]
{-42.85804 MeV}		(1/2-)

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Er-143AL
Er-144200 nsEC/β+ → 144Ho100 %7.88 MeVAL
Er-145AL
Er-145m0.9(3) sEC/β+ → 145Ho
EC, p → 144Dy		100 %
?
Er-1461.7(6) sEC/β+ → 146Ho100 %6.916(9) MeVAL
Er-147ca. 2.5 sEC/β+ → 147Ho
β+, p → 146Dy		100 %
> 0 %		9.15(4) MeV
AL
Er-147m2.5(2) sEC/β+ → 147Ho
β+, p → 146Dy		ca. 100 %
> 0 %
Er-1484.6(2) sEC/β+ → 148Ho
EC, p → 147Dy		ca. 99.85 %
ca. 0.15 %		6.51(8) MeV
AL
Er-148m13(3) μsIso → 148Er100 %
Er-1494(2) sEC/β+ → 149Ho
EC, p → 148Dy		93 %
7 %		7.90(3) MeV
AL
Er-149m18.9(2) sEC/β+ → 149Ho
EC, p → 148Dy
Iso → 149Er		96.5(7) %
0.18(7) %
3.5(7) %
Er-15018.5(7) sEC/β+ → 150Ho100 %4.115(22) MeVAL
Er-15123.5(20) sEC/β+ → 151Ho100 %5.356(18) MeVAL
Er-151m0.58(2) sEC/β+ → 151Ho
Iso → 151Er		4.7(4) %
95.3(4) %
Er-15210.3(1) sEC/β+ → 152Ho
α → 148Dy		10(4) %
90(4) %		3.104(15) MeV
4.9343(16) MeV		AL
Er-15337.1(2) sEC/β+ → 153Ho
α → 149Dy		47(3) %
53(3) %		4.543(11) MeV
4.8024(14) MeV		AL
Er-1543.73(9) minEC/β+ → 154Ho
α → 150Dy		99.53(13) %
0.47(13) %		2.034(10) MeV
4.2797(26) MeV		AL
Er-1555.3(3) minEC/β+ → 155Ho
α → 151Dy		99.978(7) %
0.022(7) %		3.830(18) MeV
4.118(5) MeV		AL
Er-15619.5(10) minEC/β+ → 156Ho
α → 152Dy		ca. 100 %
Spuren		1.27(6) MeV
3.481(25) MeV		AL
Er-15718.65(10) minEC/β+ → 157Hoca. 100 %3.42(4) MeVAL
Er-1582.29(6) hEC → 158Ho100 %0.88(4) MeVAL
Er-15936(1) minEC/β+ → 159Ho100 %2.768(5) MeVAL
Er-16028.58(9) hEC → 160Ho100 %0.319(29) MeVAL
Er-1613.21(3) hEC/β+ → 161Ho100 %1.996(9) MeVAL
Er-161m7.5(7) μsIso → 161Er100 %
Er-162stableAL
Er-16375.0(4) minEC/β+ → 163Ho100 %1.211(5) MeVAL
Er-164stableAL
Er-16510.36(4) hEC → 165Ho100 %0.3774(14) MeVAL
Er-166stableAL
Er-167stableAL
Er-167m2.269(6) sIso → 167Er100 %
Er-168stableAL
Er-1699.392(18) dβ- → 169Tm100 %0.3535(8) MeVAL
Er-170stableAL
Er-1717.516(2) hβ- → 171Tm100 %1.4913(13) MeVAL
Er-17249.3(3) hβ- → 172Tm100 %0.891(5) MeVAL
Er-1731.4(1) minβ- → 173Tm100 %2.6(2) MeVAL
Er-1743.2(2) minβ- → 174Tm100 %1.91(30) MeVAL
Er-1751.2(3) minβ- → 175Tm100 %3.66(40) MeVAL
Er-176160 nsβ- → 176Tm100 %2.74(41) MeVAL
Er-1773 sβ- → 177Tm100 %4.61(58) MeVAL

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Erbium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Erbium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Erbium nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
167Er
22,869(9) %
7/2+		- 0,56385(12)- 0,7752
{+ 3,565(29)}		1,22810,00050
0,6057

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Erbium radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Er-161+106 Bq10 Bq/g3.2 h
Er-165107 Bq1000 Bq/g10.4 h
Er-169107 Bq1000 Bq/g20 TBq100 Bq cm-29.4 d
Er-171106 Bq100 Bq/g0,2 TBq10 Bq cm-27.5 h
Er-172106 Bq100 Bq/g49.3 h

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Erbium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Erbium: NMR properties - 167Er-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - C. Fry, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium and ytterbium isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2012), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2012.05.004.

[10] - T. P. D. Swan, P. M. Walker, Zs. Podolyák, M. W. Reed, G. D. Dracoulis, G. J. Lane, T. Kibédi, M. L. Smith:
Discovery of isomers in dysprosium, holmium, and erbium isotopes with N=94 to 97.
In: Physical Review C, (2012), DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.85.024313.

[11] - Jochen Erler et al.:
Calculated and experimental two-neutron separation energies of even–even erbium isotopes.
In: Nature, (2012), DOI 10.1038/nature11188.

 

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