Fluorine is a monoisotopic element, i.e. there is only one stable isotope (19F) of the 18 known fluorine isotopes; all other isotopes are unstable radioisotopes.
Fluorine-19 makes up 100% of the naturally occurring fluorine. The nucleus is NMR active and is used for measurements in 19FNMR spectroscopy.
A fluorine radionuclide used by humans in cancer diagnostics and positron emission tomography is fluorine radionuclide the fluorine-18.
| Isotope Nuclide | E | N | Atomic Mass [Nuclear Mass] {Mass Excess} | Spin I (h/2π) | Parent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Fluorine-13 | 139F | 4 | 13.04512(54) u [13.0401828 u] {42.02901 MeV} | (1/2+) | |
| Fluorine-14 | 149F | 5 | 14.03432(4) u [14.0293828 u] {31.96887 MeV} | 2- | |
| Fluorine-15 | 159F | 6 | 15.017785(15) u [15.0128478 u] {16.56662 MeV} | 1/2+ | |
| Fluorine-16 | 169F | 7 | 16.011466(9) u [16.0065288 u] {10.68051 MeV} | 0- | |
| Fluorine-17 | 179F | 8 | 17.00209524(27) u [16.9971581 u] {1.9517 MeV} | 5/2+ | 17Ne |
| Fluorine-18 | 189F | 9 | 18.0009373(5) u [17.9960001 u] {0.87309 MeV} | 1+ | 18Ne |
| Fluorine-18m | 18m9F | 9 | 18.0009373(5) u [17.9960001 u] {0.87309 MeV} | 5+ | |
| Fluorine-19 | 199F | 10 | 18.998403163(6) u [18.993466 u] {-1.48744 MeV} | 1/2+ | 19Ne 19O |
| Fluorine-20 | 209F | 11 | 19.99998125(3) u [19.9950441 u] {-0.01747 MeV} | 2+ | 20O |
| Fluorine-21 | 219F | 12 | 20.9999489(19) u [20.9950117 u] {-0.0476 MeV} | 5/2+ | 21O |
| Fluorine-22 | 229F | 13 | 22.002999(13) u [21.9980618 u] {2.79355 MeV} | (4+) | 22O |
| Fluorine-23 | 239F | 14 | 23.00353(4) u [22.9985928 u] {3.28817 MeV} | 5/2+ | 23O 24O |
| Fluorine-24 | 249F | 15 | 24.0081(1) u [24.0031628 u] {7.5451 MeV} | (3+) | 24O |
| Fluorine-25 | 259F | 16 | 25.01217(10) u [25.0072328 u] {11.33628 MeV} | 5/2+ | |
| Fluorine-26 | 269F | 17 | 26.02002(12) u [26.0150828 u] {18.64851 MeV} | 1+ | |
| Fluorine-26m | 26m9F | 17 | 26.02002(12) u [26.0150828 u] {18.64851 MeV} | (4+) | |
| Fluorine-27 | 279F | 18 | 27.02732(42) u [27.0223828 u] {25.44842 MeV} | (5/2+) | |
| Fluorine-28 | 289F | 19 | 28.03622(42) u [28.0312828 u] {33.73871 MeV} | ||
| Fluorine-29 | 299F | 20 | 29.04310(56) u [29.0381628 u] {40.14739 MeV} | (5/2+) | |
| Fluorine-30 | 309F | 21 | 30.05256(54) u [30.0476228 u] {48.95932 MeV} | ||
| Fluorine-31 | 319F | 22 | 31.06102(57) u [31.0560828 u] {56.83976 MeV} |
| Isotope | Radioactive Decay | Extern | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Half-life | Decay Mode | Probability | Energy | ||
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| F-13 | p → 12O | ? | |||
| F-14 | 5.01 × 10-22 s | p → 13O | AL | ||
| F-15 | 6.91 × 10-22 s | p → 14O | 100 % | 13.7 MeV | AL |
| F-16 | 1.14 × 10-20/sup> s | p → 15O | 100 % | 0.536 MeV | AL |
| F-17 | 64.49(16) s | β+ → 17O | 100 % | 2.76046(25) MeV | AL |
| F-18 | 109.77(5) min | EC/β+ → 18O | 100 % | 1.6559(5) MeV | AL |
| F-18m | 162(7) ns | Iso 18F | 100 % | ||
| F-19 | stable | AL | |||
| F-20 | 11.07(6) s | β- → 20Ne | 100 % | 7.02447(3) MeV | AL |
| F-21 | 4.158(20) s | β- → 21Ne | 100 % | 5.6842(18) MeV | AL |
| F-22 | 4.23(4) s | β- → 22Ne β-, n → 21Ne | > 89 % < 11 % | 10.818(12) MeV 0.454(12) MeV | AL |
| F-23 | 2.23(14) s | β- → 23Ne | 100 % | 8.46364 MeV | AL |
| F-24 | 390(70) ms | β- → 24Ne β-, n → 23Ne | > 94.1 % < 5.9 % | 13.51117 MeV 4.6422 MeV | AL |
| F-25 | 80(9) ms | β- → 25Ne β-, n → 24Ne | 76.9(45) % 23.1(45) % | 13.42331 MeV 9.2438 MeV | AL |
| F-26 | 8.2(9) ms | β- → 26Ne β-, n → 25Ne | 89(4) % 11(4) % | 18.170(11) MeV 12.61(11) MeV | AL |
| F-26m | 2.2(1) ms | Iso 26F β- 26Ne β-, n 25Ne | 82 % 12 % 6 % | ||
| F-27 | 5.0(2) ms | β- → 27Ne β-, n → 26Ne | 23(21) % 77(21) % | 17.5938 MeV 16.079 MeV | AL |
| F-28 | 46 ns | n → 27F | 100 % | AL | |
| F-29 | 0.0025(3) s | β- → 29Ne β-, n → 28Ne | 40 % 60 % | 21.75(55) MeV 20.78(54) MeV | AL |
| F-30 | n → 29F | 100 % | AL | ||
| F-31 | 260 ns | β- → 31Ne β-, xn | < 100 % ? | 25.66(60) MeV x =1-7 | AL |
Notes (related to the columns):
1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Fluorine isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.
7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Fluorine isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).
Miscellaneous:
()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
- unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.
| Nuclide quantity 1) spin | Nuclear magnetic moment μ/μN | Gyromagnetic ratio {Quadrupole moment} | Resonant frequency v0 bei 1 T | Relative sensitivity H0 = const. v0 = const. 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19F 100 % 1/2+ | +2,628321(4) | 25,181 {-0,0942(9)} | 40,0776 | 0,83400 0,9413 |
1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.
2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]
3) Related to 1H = 1,000.
According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Fluorine radionuclides:
| Nuclide | Limit Value | HASS limit | SC | Daughter Nuclides | Half-life | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F-18 | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 0,06 TBq | 1 Bq/cm2 | 109.7 min | |
(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)
Properties of the Fluorine nucleides
[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.
[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.
Fluorine: NMR properties - 19F-NMR
[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.
[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.
[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.
[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).
More sources:
[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.
Last update: 2022-12-12
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/fluorine-isotopes.php
© 1996 - 2024 ChemLin