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Isotopes of Gold

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Gold.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Gold isotopes

Gold isotopes are all atomic nuclei of the chemical element gold; these consist of an atomic nucleus with 79 protons and, in the uncharged state, 79 electrons. The difference between the individual gold isotopes lies in the number of neutrons in the atomic nucleus.

In nature, the monoisotopic chemical element gold only occurs as the isotope gold-197. In addition to this stable gold isotope, 40 other gold nuclides are known, all of which are unstable.

The standard atomic mass is given as 196.966569(5) u.

 

Isotope Table: Gold

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Gold isotopes. Further information on the individual Gold isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Gold-17017079Au91169.99597(21) u
[169.9526369 u]
{-3.75392 MeV}		(2-)
Gold-170m170m79Au91169.99597(21) u
[169.9526369 u]
{-3.75392 MeV}		(9+)
Gold-17117179Au92170.991882(22) u
[170.9485489 u]
{-7.56187 MeV}		(1/2+)
Gold-171m171m79Au92170.991882(22) u
[170.9485489 u]
{-7.56187 MeV}		(11/2-)
Gold-17217279Au93171.99000(6) u
[171.9466669 u]
{-9.31494 MeV}
Gold-172m172m79Au93171.99000(6) u
[171.9466669 u]
{-9.31494 MeV}
Gold-17317379Au94172.986224(24) u
[172.9428909 u]
{-12.83226 MeV}		(1/2+)177Tl
Gold-173m173m79Au94172.986224(24) u
[172.9428909 u]
{-12.83226 MeV}		(11/2-)
Gold-17417479Au95173.98472(9) u
[173.9413869 u]
{-14.23323 MeV}
Gold-17517579Au96174.98132(4) u
[174.9379869 u]
{-17.40031 MeV}		(1/2+)179Tl
Gold-175m175m79Au96174.98132(4) u
[174.9379869 u]
{-17.40031 MeV}		(11/2-)
Gold-17617679Au97175.98012(4) u
[175.9367869 u]
{-18.5181 MeV}
Gold-176m1176m179Au97175.98012(4) u
[175.9367869 u]
{-18.5181 MeV}		(3-)
Gold-176m2176m279Au97175.98012(4) u
[175.9367869 u]
{-18.5181 MeV}		(9+)
Gold-17717779Au98176.976870(11) u
[176.9335369 u]
{-21.54546 MeV}		1/2+181Tl
Gold-177m177m79Au98176.976870(11) u
[176.9335369 u]
{-21.54546 MeV}		(11/2-)
Gold-17817879Au99177.976056(11) u
[177.9327229 u]
{-22.30369 MeV}		182Tl
Gold-17917979Au100178.973174(13) u
[178.9298409 u]
{-24.98826 MeV}		(1/2+,3/2+)183Tl
Gold-179m179m79Au100178.973174(13) u
[178.9298409 u]
{-24.98826 MeV}
Gold-18018079Au101179.972490(5) u
[179.9291569 u]
{-25.6254 MeV}		184Tl
180Hg
Gold-18118179Au102180.970079(21) u
[180.9267459 u]
{-27.87123 MeV}		(3/2-)185Tl
181Hg
Gold-18218279Au103181.969618(22) u
[181.9262849 u]
{-28.30065 MeV}		(2+)182Hg
Gold-18318379Au104182.967588(10) u
[182.9242549 u]
{-30.19158 MeV}		(5/2)-187Tl
183Hg
Gold-183m1183m179Au104182.967588(10) u
[182.9242549 u]
{-30.19158 MeV}		(1/2)+
Gold-183m2183m279Au104182.967588(10) u
[182.9242549 u]
{-30.19158 MeV}		(11/2)-
Gold-18418479Au105183.967452(24) u
[183.9241189 u]
{-30.31827 MeV}		5+184Hg
Gold-184m184m79Au105183.967452(24) u
[183.9241189 u]
{-30.31827 MeV}		2+
Gold-18518579Au106184.9657989(28) u
[184.9224658 u]
{-31.85812 MeV}		5/2-185Hg
Gold-185m185m79Au106184.9657989(28) u
[184.9224658 u]
{-31.85812 MeV}		5/2-
Gold-18618679Au107185.965953(23) u
[185.9226199 u]
{-31.71458 MeV}		3-186Hg
Gold-186m186m79Au107185.965953(23) u
[185.9226199 u]
{-31.71458 MeV}		2+
Gold-18718779Au108186.964543(24) u
[186.9212099 u]
{-33.02798 MeV}		1/2(+)187Hg
Gold-187m187m79Au108186.964543(24) u
[186.9212099 u]
{-33.02798 MeV}		9/2(-)
Gold-18818879Au109187.9652480(29) u
[187.9219149 u]
{-32.37128 MeV}		1-188Hg
Gold-18918979Au110188.963948(22) u
[188.9206149 u]
{-33.58222 MeV}		1/2+189Hg
Gold-189m1189m179Au110188.963948(22) u
[188.9206149 u]
{-33.58222 MeV}		11/2-
Gold-189m2189m279Au110188.963948(22) u
[188.9206149 u]
{-33.58222 MeV}		9/2-
Gold-189m3189m379Au110188.963948(22) u
[188.9206149 u]
{-33.58222 MeV}		(31/2+)
Gold-19019079Au111189.964752(4) u
[189.9214189 u]
{-32.8333 MeV}		1-190Hg
Gold-190m190m79Au111189.964752(4) u
[189.9214189 u]
{-32.8333 MeV}		(11-)
Gold-19119179Au112190.963716(5) u
[190.9203829 u]
{-33.79833 MeV}		3/2+191Hg
Gold-191m191m79Au112190.963716(5) u
[190.9203829 u]
{-33.79833 MeV}		(11/2-)
Gold-19219279Au113191.964818(17) u
[191.9214849 u]
{-32.77182 MeV}		1-192Hg
Gold-192m1192m179Au113191.964818(17) u
[191.9214849 u]
{-32.77182 MeV}		(5)+
Gold-192m2192m279Au113191.964818(17) u
[191.9214849 u]
{-32.77182 MeV}		(11-)
Gold-19319379Au114192.964138(9) u
[192.9208049 u]
{-33.40524 MeV}		3/2+193Hg
Gold-193m1193m179Au114192.964138(9) u
[192.9208049 u]
{-33.40524 MeV}		11/2-
Gold-193m2193m279Au114192.964138(9) u
[192.9208049 u]
{-33.40524 MeV}		(31/2+)
Gold-19419479Au115193.9654191(23) u
[193.922086 u]
{-32.2119 MeV}		1-194Hg
Gold-194m1194m179Au115193.9654191(23) u
[193.922086 u]
{-32.2119 MeV}		(5+)
Gold-194m2194m279Au115193.9654191(23) u
[193.922086 u]
{-32.2119 MeV}		(11-)
Gold-19519579Au116194.9650379(12) u
[194.9217048 u]
{-32.56699 MeV}		3/2+195Hg
Gold-195m195m79Au116194.9650379(12) u
[194.9217048 u]
{-32.56699 MeV}		11/2-
Gold-19619679Au117195.966571(3) u
[195.9232379 u]
{-31.13891 MeV}		2-
Gold-196m1196m179Au117195.966571(3) u
[195.9232379 u]
{-31.13891 MeV}		5+
Gold-196m2196m279Au117195.966571(3) u
[195.9232379 u]
{-31.13891 MeV}		12-
Gold-19719779Au118196.966569(5) u
[196.9232359 u]
{-31.14078 MeV}		3/2+197Hg
197Pt
Gold-197m197m79Au118196.966568812(707) u
[196.9232357 u]
{-31.14095 MeV}		11/2-
Gold-19819879Au119197.9682437(6) u
[197.9249106 u]
{-29.5808 MeV}		2-
Gold-198m1198m179Au119197.9682437(6) u
[197.9249106 u]
{-29.5808 MeV}		5+
Gold-198m2198m279Au119197.9682437(6) u
[197.9249106 u]
{-29.5808 MeV}		(12-)
Gold-19919979Au120198.9687666(6) u
[198.9254335 u]
{-29.09372 MeV}		3/2+199Pt
Gold-199m199m79Au120198.9687666(6) u
[198.9254335 u]
{-29.09372 MeV}		(11/2)-
Gold-20020079Au121199.970757(29) u
[199.9274239 u]
{-27.23968 MeV}		(1-)200Pt
Gold-200m200m79Au121199.970757(29) u
[199.9274239 u]
{-27.23968 MeV}		12-
Gold-20120179Au122200.971658(3) u
[200.9283249 u]
{-26.4004 MeV}		3/2+201Pt
Gold-20220279Au123201.973856(25) u
[201.9305229 u]
{-24.35298 MeV}		(1-)202Pt
Gold-20320379Au124202.975154(3) u
[202.9318209 u]
{-23.1439 MeV}		3/2+
Gold-20420479Au125203.97783(21) u
[203.9343909 u]
{-20.74996 MeV}		(2-)
Gold-20520579Au126204.97985(21) u
[204.9365169 u]
{-18.7696 MeV}		(3/2+)
Gold-20620679Au127205.98474(32) u
[205.9414069 u]
{-14.2146 MeV}		5+,6+
Gold-20720779Au128206.98839(32) u
[206.9450569 u]
{-10.81465 MeV}
Gold-20820879Au129207.99345(32) u
[207.9501169 u]
{-6.10129 MeV}
Gold-20920979Au130208.99727(43) u
[208.9539369 u]
{-2.54298 MeV}		(3/2+)
Gold-21021079Au131210.00250(43) u
[209.9591669 u]
{2.32873 MeV}

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Au-1700.29 msα → 166Ir
p → 169Pt		11(10) %
89(10) %		7.177(15) MeV
AL
Au-170m0.62 msα → 166Ir
p → 169Pt		42(5) %
58(5) %
Au-17122 μsp → 170Pt100 %AL
Au-171m1.04(3) msα → 167Ir
p → 170Pt		60(6) %
40(6) %
Au-17222 msα → 168Ir
p → 171Pt
EC/β+ → 172Pt		ca. 100 %
?
?		6.923(10) MeV

11.79(6) MeV		AL
Au-172m7.7(14) sα → 168Ir
p → 171Pt
EC/β+ → 172Pt		ca. 100 %
< 0.02 %
?
Au-17326.3(12) msα → 169Ir
p → 172Pt
EC/β+ → 173Pt		94(19) %
?
?		6.836(5) MeV

9.11(6) MeV		AL
Au-173m12.2(1) msα → 169Ir
p → 172Pt
EC/β+ → 173Pt		92(13) %
?
?
Au-174120(20) msα → 170Ir> 0 %6.699(7) MeVAL
Au-175α → 171Ir
EC/β+ → 175Pt		90(7) %
10 %		6.583(4) MeV
8.31(4) MeV		AL
Au-175m156(5) msα → 171Ir
EC/β+ → 175Pt		94 %
6 %
Au-176AL
Au-176m11.05(1) sα → 172Ir
EC/β+ → 176Pt		?
?
Au-176m21.36(2) sα → 172Ir100 %
Au-1771.501(20) sα → 173Ir
EC/β+ → 177Pt		40(6) %
60(6) %		6.298(4) MeV
7.825(18) MeV		AL
Au-177m1.193(13) sα → 173Ir
EC/β+ → 177Pt		60(10) %
40(10) %
Au-1782.6(5) sα → 174Ir
EC/β+ → 178Pt		≥ 40 %
≤ 60 %		6.135(25) MeV
9.694(14) MeV		AL
Au-1797.1(3) sα → 175Ir
EC/β+ → 179Pt		22.0(9) %
78.0(9) %		5.981(5) MeV
7.280(14) MeV		AL
Au-179m100 μsIso → 179Au?
Au-1808.4(6) sα → 176Ir
EC/β+ → 180Pt		≥ 1.8 %
≤ 98.2 %		5.828(17) MeV
8.810(12) MeV		AL
Au-18113.7(14) sα → 177Ir
EC/β+ → 181Pt		2.7(5) %
97.3(5) %		5.7514(29) MeV
6.510(24) MeV		AL
Au-18215.5(4) sα → 178Ir
EC/β+ → 182Pt		0.13(5) %
99.87(5) %		5.526(4) MeV
7.868(24) MeV		AL
Au-18342.8(10) sα → 179Ir
EC/β+ → 183Pt		0.55(25) %
99.45(25) %		5.4653(29) MeV
5.581(18) MeV		AL
Au-183m11 μs
Au-183m21 μs
Au-18420.6(9) sα → 180Ir
EC/β+ → 184Pt		≤ 0.016 %
%ge; 99.984 %		5.234(5) MeV
7.016(27) MeV		AL
Au-184m47.6(14) sα → 180Ir
EC/β+ → 184Pt
Iso → 184Au		≤ 0.016 %
70(10) %
30(10) %
Au-1854.25(6) minα → 181Ir
EC/β+ → 185Pt		0.26(6) %
99.74(6) %		5.180(5) MeV
4.830(26) MeV		AL
Au-185m6.8(3) minIso → 185Au
EC/β+ → 185Pt		?
< 100 %
Au-18610.7(5) minα → 182Ir
EC/β+ → 186Pt		Spuren
100 %		4.912(14) MeV
6.15(3) MeV		AL
Au-186m110(10) ns
Au-1878.3(2) minα → 183Ir
EC/β+ → 187Pt		Spuren
100 %		4.751(29) MeV
3.66(3) MeV		AL
Au-187m2.3(1) sIso → 187Au100 %
Au-1888.84(6) minEC/β+ → 188Pt100 %5.45(6) MeVAL
Au-18928.7(3) minEC/β+ → 189Pt
α → 185Ir		100 %
Spuren		2.887(22) MeV
4.33(3) MeV		AL
Au-189m14.59(11) minEC/β+ → 189Pt
Iso → 189Au		ca. 100 %
?
Au-189m2190(15) nsIso → 189Au100 %
Au-189m3242(10) nsIso → 189Au100 %
Au-19042.8(10) minEC/β+ → 190Pt
α → 186Ir		100 %
Spuren		4.473(4) MeV
3.914(17) MeV		AL
Au-190m125(20) msIso → 190Au100 %
Au-1913.18(8) hEC/β+ → 191Pt100 %1.900(6) MeVAL
Au-191m0.92(11) sIso → 191Au100 %
Au-1924.94(9) hEC/β+ → 192Pt100 %3.516(16) MeVAL
Au-192m129 msIso → 192Au100 %
Au-192m2160(20) msIso → 192Au100 %
Au-19317.65(15) hEC/β+ → 193Pt100 %1.075(9) MeVAL
Au-193m13.9(3) sEC/β+ → 193Pt
Iso → 193Au		0.03 %
99.97 %
Au-193m2150(50) ns
Au-19438.02(10) hEC/β+ → 194Pt100 %2.5481(22) MeVAL
Au-194m1600(8) msIso → 194Au100 %
Au-194m2420(10) msIso → 194Au100 %
Au-195186.01(6) dEC → 195Pt100 %0.2268(12) MeVAL
Au-195m30.5(2) sIso → 195Au100 %
Au-1966.1669(6) dEC/β+ → 196Pt
β- → 196Hg		93.0(3) %
7.0(3) %		1.506(3) MeV
0.687(3) MeV		AL
Au-196m18.1(2) sIso → 196Au100 %
Au-196m29.6(1) hIso → 196Au100 %
Au-197stableAL
Au-197m7.73(6) sIso → 197Au100 %0.4094 MeV
Au-1982.6941(2) dβ- → 198Hg100 %1.3735(5) MeVAL
Gold-198m1124(4) ns
Gold-198m22.272(16) dIso → 198Au100 %0.8119(15) MeV
Au-1993.139(7) dβ- → 199Hg100 %0.4523(6) MeVAL
Au-199m0.44(3) msIso → 199Au100 %
Au-20048.4(3) minβ- → 200Hg100 %2.263(27) MeVAL
Au-200m18.7(5) hβ- → 200Hg
Iso → 200Au		84(1) %
16(1) %
Au-20126.0(8) minβ- → 201Hg100 %1.262(3) MeVAL
Au-20228.4(12) sβ- → 202Hg100 %2.992(23) MeVAL
Au-20360(6) sβ- → 203Hg100 %2.126(3) MeVAL
Au-20439.8(9) sβ- → 204Hg100 %4.04(20) MeVAL
Au-20531(2) sβ- → 205Hg100 %3.52(20) MeVAL
Au-20640(15) sβ- → 206Hg100 %6.73(30) MeVAL
Au-207300 nsβ- → 207Hg
β-, n → 206Hg		?
?		5.68(30) MeV
2.06(30) MeV		AL
Au-208300 nsβ- → 208Hg
β-, n → 207Hg		?
?		7.16(30) MeV
2.31(30) MeV		AL
Au-209300 nsβ- → 209Hg100 %6.10(43) MeVAL
Au-210300 nsβ- → 210Hg
β-, n → 209Hg		?
?		7.69(45) MeV
2.90(43) MeV		AL

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Gold isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Gold isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Gold nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
197Au
100 %
3/2+		+0,1457460,4692
{+ 0,547(16)}		0,74060,00003
0,0870

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Gold radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Au-193107 Bq100 Bq/g0,6 TBq17.7 h
Au-194106 Bq10 Bq/g0,07 TBq38.0 h
Au-195107 Bq10 Bq/g2 TBq186.1 d
Au-198106 Bq10 Bq/g0,2 TBq10 Bq cm-22.7 d
Au-198m106 Bq10 Bq/g2.3 d
Au-199106 Bq100 Bq/g0,9 TBq10 Bq cm-23.1 d
Au-200105 Bq100 Bq/g48.4 min
Au-200m+106 Bq10 Bq/g18.7 h
Au-201106 Bq100 Bq/g26.0 min

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Gold nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Gold: NMR properties - 197Au-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - A. Schuh, A. Fritsch, J.Q. Ginepro, M. Heim, A. Shore, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of the gold isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2010), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2009.12.001.

 

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