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Isotopes of Krypton

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Krypton.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Krypton isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element krypton are summarized under krypton isotopes; these consist of an atomic nucleus with 36 protons and in the uncharged state of 36 electrons. The difference between the individual krypton isotopes lies in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

 

Naturally Occurring Krypton Isotopes

The chemical element krypton, which is one of the noble gases, occurs in nature as a mixture of six different, stable isotopes; the following table provides information about the natural isotope composition:

Atomic Mass maQuantityHalf-lifeSpin
Krypton
Isotopic mixture		83,798 u100 %
Isotope 78Kr77,920365(5) u0,355(3) %stable0+
Isotope 80Kr79,916378(5) u2,286(10) %stable0+
Isotope 82Kr81,913483(6) u11,593(31) %stable0+
Isotope 83Kr82,914127(2) u11,500(19) %stable9/2+
Isotope 84Kr83,91149773(3) u56,987(15) %stable0+
Isotope 86Kr85,91061063(3) u17,279(41) %stable0+

 

In addition, 26 other, but unstable, radioactively decaying krypton isotopes are currently known.

 

Isotope Table: Krypton

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Krypton isotopes. Further information on the individual Krypton isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Krypton-676736Kr3166.98331(46) u
[66.9635619 u]
{-15.54663 MeV}
Krypton-686836Kr3267.97249(54) u
[67.9527419 u]
{-25.6254 MeV}		0+
Krypton-696936Kr3368.96518(43) u
[68.9454319 u]
{-32.43462 MeV}		(5/2-)
Krypton-707036Kr3469.95588(21) u
[69.9361319 u]
{-41.09752 MeV}		0+
Krypton-717136Kr3570.95027(14) u
[70.9305219 u]
{-46.3232 MeV}		(5/2-)
Krypton-727236Kr3671.942092(9) u
[71.9223439 u]
{-53.94095 MeV}		0+
Krypton-737336Kr3772.939289(7) u
[72.9195409 u]
{-56.55193 MeV}		(3/2)-
Krypton-73m73m36Kr3772.939289(7) u
[72.9195409 u]
{-56.55193 MeV}		(9/2+)
Krypton-747436Kr3873.9330840(22) u
[73.9133359 u]
{-62.33185 MeV}		0+74Rb
75Sr
Krypton-757536Kr3974.930946(9) u
[74.9111979 u]
{-64.32339 MeV}		5/2+75Rb
Krypton-767636Kr4075.925911(4) u
[75.9061629 u]
{-69.01346 MeV}		0+76Rb
77Sr
Krypton-777736Kr4176.9246700(21) u
[76.9049219 u]
{-70.16944 MeV}		5/2+77Rb
Krypton-77m77m36Kr4176.9246700(21) u
[76.9049219 u]
{-70.16944 MeV}		3/2-
Krypton-787836Kr4277.920365(5) u
[77.9006169 u]
{-74.17952 MeV}		0+78Rb
78Br
Krypton-797936Kr4378.920083(4) u
[78.9003349 u]
{-74.44221 MeV}		1/2-79Rb
Krypton-79m79m36Kr4378.920083(4) u
[78.9003349 u]
{-74.44221 MeV}		7/2+
Krypton-808036Kr4479.916378(5) u
[79.8966299 u]
{-77.89339 MeV}		0+80Rb
80Br
Krypton-818136Kr4580.9165897(12) u
[80.8968416 u]
{-77.69619 MeV}		7/2+81Rb
Krypton-81m81m36Kr4580.9165897(12) u
[80.8968416 u]
{-77.69619 MeV}		1/2-
Krypton-828236Kr4681.913483(6) u
[81.8937349 u]
{-80.59007 MeV}		0+82Rb
82Br
82Se
Krypton-838336Kr4782.914127(2) u
[82.8943789 u]
{-79.99018 MeV}		9/2+83Rb
83Br
Krypton-83m183m136Kr4782.914127(2) u
[82.8943789 u]
{-79.99018 MeV}		7/2+
Krypton-83m283m236Kr4782.914127(2) u
[82.8943789 u]
{-79.99018 MeV}		1/2-
Krypton-848436Kr4883.91149773(3) u
[83.8917496 u]
{-82.43933 MeV}		0+84Rb
84Br
Krypton-84m184m136Kr4883.91149773(3) u
[83.8917496 u]
{-82.43933 MeV}		8+
Krypton-84m284m236Kr4883.91149773(3) u
[83.8917496 u]
{-82.43933 MeV}		12+
Krypton-858536Kr4984.9125273(21) u
[84.8927792 u]
{-81.4803 MeV}		9/2+85Br
Krypton-85m185m136Kr4984.9125273(21) u
[84.8927792 u]
{-81.4803 MeV}		1/2-
Krypton-85m285m236Kr4984.9125273(21) u
[84.8927792 u]
{-81.4803 MeV}		(17/2+)
Krypton-868636Kr5085.91061063(3) u
[85.8908625 u]
{-83.26566 MeV}		0+86Br
86Rb
87Br
Krypton-878736Kr5186.91335476(26) u
[86.8936066 u]
{-80.70952 MeV}		5/2+87Br
88Br
Krypton-888836Kr5287.9144479(28) u
[87.8946998 u]
{-79.69127 MeV}		0+88Br
89Br
248Cm
Krypton-898936Kr5388.9178354(23) u
[88.8980873 u]
{-76.53583 MeV}		3/2(+)89Br
90Br
252Cf
Krypton-909036Kr5489.9195279(20) u
[89.8997798 u]
{-74.95928 MeV}		0+90Br
91Br
Krypton-919136Kr5590.9238063(24) u
[90.9040582 u]
{-70.97397 MeV}		5/2(+)91Br
92Br
Krypton-929236Kr5691.9261731(29) u
[91.906425 u]
{-68.76931 MeV}		0+92Br
93Br
248Cm
Krypton-939336Kr5792.9311472(27) u
[92.9113991 u]
{-64.13597 MeV}		1/2+93Br
94Br
Krypton-949436Kr5893.934140(13) u
[93.9143919 u]
{-61.34819 MeV}		0+248Cm
Krypton-959536Kr5994.939711(20) u
[94.9199629 u]
{-56.15884 MeV}		1/2(+)
Krypton-95m95m36Kr5994.939711(20) u
[94.9199629 u]
{-56.15884 MeV}		(7/2+)
Krypton-969636Kr6095.943017(22) u
[95.9232689 u]
{-53.07932 MeV}		0+
Krypton-979736Kr6196.94909(14) u
[96.9293419 u]
{-47.42236 MeV}		(3/2+)
Krypton-989836Kr6297.95243(32) u
[97.9326819 u]
{-44.31117 MeV}		0+
Krypton-999936Kr6398.95839(43) u
[98.9386419 u]
{-38.75947 MeV}
Krypton-10010036Kr6499.96237(43) u
[99.9426219 u]
{-35.05212 MeV}		0+
Krypton-10110136Kr65100.96873(54) u
[100.9489819 u]
{-29.12782 MeV}

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Kr-677.4(30) msEC/β+ → 67Br
2p → 65Se		63(14) %
27(14) %
AL
Kr-6821.6(33) msEC/β+ → 68Br
EC, p → 67Se		11 %
89 %
AL
Kr-6928(1) msEC/β+ → 69Br
β+, p → 68Se
99 %		13.82(40) MeV
AL
Kr-7040(6) msEC/β+ → 70Br
EC, p → 69Se		98.7 %
< 1.3 %		10.33(20) MeV
AL
Kr-71100(3) msEC/β+ → 71Br
EC, p → 70Se		97.9 %
2.1(7) %		10.18(13) MeV
AL
Kr-7217.1(2) sEC/β+ → 72Br
EC, p → 71Se		> 99 %
< 1 %		5.121(8) MeV
AL
Kr-7327.3(10) sEC/β+ → 73Br
EC, p → 72Se		> 99 %
0.25(3) %		7.096(10) MeV
AL
Kr-73m107(10) nsIso → 73Kr100 %AL
Kr-7411.50(11) minEC/β+ → 74Br100 %2.956(6) MeVAL
Kr-754.60(7) minEC/β+ → 75Br100 %4.783(9) MeVAL
Kr-7614.8(1) hEC/β+ → 76Br100 %1.275(10) MeVAL
Kr-7774.4(6) minEC/β+ → 77Br100 %3.065(3) MeVAL
Kr-77m118(12) ns
Kr-78stableAL
Kr-7935.04(10) hEC/β+ → 79Br100 %1.626(4) MeVAL
Kr-79m50(3) sIso → 79Kr100 %0.1299 MeVAL
Kr-80stableAL
Kr-812.29(11) × 105 aEC → 81Br100 %0.2809(15) MeVAL
Kr-81m13.10(3) sIso → 81Kr
EC → 81Br		99.9975(4) %
0.0025(4) %		0.1906(6) MeV
AL
Kr-82stableAL
Kr-83stableAL
Kr-83m1156.8(5) ns
Kr-83m21.83(2) hIso → 83Kr100 %0.0416 MeVAL
Kr-84stableAL
Kr-84m11.83(4) μsIso → 84Kr100 %AL
Kr-84m243.7(21) nsIso → 84Kr100 %AL
Kr-8510.739(14) aβ- → 85Rb100 %0.687(2) MeVAL
Kr-85m14.480(8) hIso → 85Kr
β- → 85Rb		21.2(5) %
78.8(5) %
AL
Kr-85m21.82(5) μs
Kr-86stableAL
Kr-8776.3(5) minβ- → 87Rb100 %3.88827(25) MeVAL
Kr-882.825(19) hβ- → 88Rb100 %2.9177(26) MeVAL
Kr-893.15(4) minβ- → 89Rb100 %5.177(6) MeVAL
Kr-9032.32(9) sβ- → 90Rb100 %4.406(7) MeVAL
Kr-918.57(4) sβ- → 91Rb100 %6.771(8) MeVAL
Kr-921.840(8) sβ- → 92Rb
β-, n → 91Rb		99.9778 %
0.0332(25) %		6.003(7) MeV
0.904(8) MeV		AL
Kr-931.286(10) sβ- → 93Rb
β-, n → 92Rb		98.05 %
1.95(11) %		8.484(8) MeV
2.565(7) MeV		AL
Kr-94212(5) msβ- → 94Rb
β-, n → 93Rb		98.89 %
1.11(7) %		7.215(12) MeV
3.201(14) MeV		AL
Kr-95114(3) msβ- → 95Rb
β-, n → 94Rb		97.1 %
2.87(18) %		9.733(28) MeV
4.333(19) MeV		AL
Kr-95m1.4(2) μsIso → 95Kr100 %
Kr-9680(8) msβ- → 96Rb
β-, n → 95Rb		96.3 %
3.7(4) %		8.275(21) MeV
4.740(29) MeV		AL
Kr-9763(4) msβ- → 97Rb
β-, n → 96Rb		93.3 %
6.7(6) %		11.10(13) MeV
5.86(13) MeV		AL
Kr-9846(8) msβ- → 98Rb
β-, n → 97Rb		?
7.0(10) %		10.06(30) MeV
6.14(30) MeV		AL
Kr-9913 msβ- → 99Rb
β-, n → 98Rb		89 %
11(7) %		12.36(40) MeV
7.54(40) MeV		AL
Kr-1007 msβ- → 100Rb
β-, n → 99Rb		100 %
?		11.19(40) MeV
8.0(4) MeV		AL
Kr-101635 nsβ- → 101Rb
β-, n → 100Rb
β-, 2n → 99Rb		?
?
?		13.72(54) MeV
2.15(64) MeV
AL

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Krypton isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Krypton isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Krypton nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
83Kr
11,500(19) %
9/2+		-0,970730(3)1,0331
{+ 0,259(1)}		1,64420,00190
1,2744

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Krypton radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Kr-74109 Bq100 Bq/g11.5 min
Kr-76109 Bq100 Bq/g14.6 h
Kr-77109 Bq100 Bq/g1.2 h
Kr-79105 Bq1000 Bq/g34.9 h
Kr-81107 Bq10000 Bq/g30 TBq210000 a
Kr-81m1010 Bq1000 Bq/g13.3 Sekunden
Kr-83m1012 Bq100000 Bq/g1.8 h
Kr-85104 Bq100000 Bq/g30 TBq10.8 a
Kr-85m1010 Bq1000 Bq/g0,5 TBq4.5 h
Kr-87109 Bq100 Bq/g0,09 T Bq76.3 min
Kr-88+109 Bq100 Bq/g2.8 h

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Krypton nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Krypton: NMR properties - 83Kr-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

 

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