Isotopes of Lawrencium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Lawrencium.

Content

Atomic properties

Decay properties

NMR active nuclides

Radiation protection

References

Lawrencium is an exclusively artificially produced radioactive chemical element that is not known in nature.

With ²⁵⁸Lr, the first lawrencium isotope was discovered in 1961 by the research team led by Albert Ghiorso at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California.

To date, a total of 11 different isotopes have been produced, all of which are extremely short-lived; with a half-life of about 4 hours, Lawrencium-262 is the most stable Lr nuclide. It is expected that heavier lawrencium nuclides may have longer half-lives.

Atoms or atomic nuclei are generally referred to as lawrencium isotopes or lawrencium nuclides, which have element-specific 103 protons and differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Isotope Table: Lawrencium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Lawrencium isotopes. Further information on the individual Lawrencium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

Atomic Properties

Isotope Nuclide	E	N	Atomic Mass [Nuclear Mass] {Mass Excess}	Spin I (h/2π)	Parent
1	2	3	4	5	6
Lawrencium-251	251103Lr	148	251 u [250.943505 u] {0 MeV}
Lawrencium-252	252103Lr	149	252.09526(25) u [252.038765 u] {88.73412 MeV}		²⁵⁶Db
Lawrencium-253	253103Lr	150	253.09509(22) u [253.038595 u] {88.57576 MeV}	(7/2-)	²⁵⁷Db
Lawrencium-253m	253m103Lr	150	253.09509(22) u [253.038595 u] {88.57576 MeV}	(1/2-)
Lawrencium-254	254103Lr	151	254.09648(32) u [254.039985 u] {89.87054 MeV}		²⁵⁸Db
Lawrencium-255	255103Lr	152	255.096562(19) u [255.040067 u] {89.94692 MeV}	(1/2-)
Lawrencium-255m1	255m1103Lr	152	255.096562(19) u [255.040067 u] {89.94692 MeV}	(7/2-)
Lawrencium-256	256103Lr	153	256.09849(9) u [256.041995 u] {91.74284 MeV}		²⁶⁰Db
Lawrencium-257	257103Lr	154	257.09948(5) u [257.042985 u] {92.66502 MeV}	9/2+	²⁶¹Db
Lawrencium-258	258103Lr	155	258.10175(11) u [258.045255 u] {94.77951 MeV}		²⁶²Db
Lawrencium-259	259103Lr	156	259.10290(8) u [259.046405 u] {95.85073 MeV}	(9/2+)	²⁶³Db
Lawrencium-260	260103Lr	157	260.10550(13) u [260.049005 u] {98.27262 MeV}
Lawrencium-261	261103Lr	158	261.10688(21) u [261.050385 u] {99.55808 MeV}
Lawrencium-262	262103Lr	159	262.10961(21) u [262.053115 u] {102.10106 MeV}
Lawrencium-263	263103Lr	160
Lawrencium-264	264103Lr	161	264.11420(47) u [264.057705 u] {106.37661 MeV}
Lawrencium-265	265103Lr	162
Lawrencium-266	266103Lr	163	266.11983(63) u [266.063335 u] {111.62093 MeV}

Radioactive Decay Properties

Isotope	Radioactive Decay				Extern
	Half-life	Decay Mode	Probability	Energy
7	8	9	10	11	12
Lr-251		α ²⁴⁷Md ε ?			AL
Lr-252	0.36 s	EC/β⁺ → ²⁵²No α → ²⁴⁸Md SF div.	? ? ?	5.87(24) MeV 9.164(17) MeV	AL
Lr-253	0.57 s	α → ²⁴⁹Md SF div.	98.7 % 1.3 %	8.918(20) MeV	AL
Lr-253m	1.49 s	α → ²⁴⁹Md SF div.	92(5) % 8(5) %		AL
Lr-254	18.1(18) s	EC/β⁺ → ²⁵⁴No α → ²⁵⁰Md SF div.	28.3(19) % 71.7(19) % < 0.1 %	5.15(30) MeV 8.816(12) MeV	AL
Lr-255	31.1(11) s	α → ²⁵¹Md EC → ²⁵⁵No SF ^div.	99.7(1) % < 0.3(1) % < 0.1 %	8.556(7) MeV 3.140(23) MeV	AL
Lr-255m1	2.54(5) s	Iso → ²⁵⁵Lr α → ²⁵¹Md	ca. 60 % ca. 40 %
Lr-256	27.9 s	EC/β⁺ → ²⁵⁶No α → ²⁵³Md SF div.	15(10) % 85(10) % < 0.03 %	3.92(8) MeV 8.81(10) MeV	AL
Lr-257	4 s	α → ²⁵³Md EC → ²⁵⁷No SF ^div.	< 100 % < 15 % < 0.033 %	9.07(3) MeV 2.42(4) MeV	AL
Lr-258	3.92(33) s	α → ²⁵⁴Md EC → ²⁵⁸No	97.4(18) % 2.6 (18)	8.904(19) MeV 3.30(14) MeV	AL
Lr-259	6.2(3) s	α → ²⁵⁵Md SF div.	78(2) % 22(2) %	8.58(7)	AL
Lr-260	180(30) s	α → ²⁵⁶Md EC → ²⁶⁰No	80(20) % < 40 %	8.40(14) MeV 2.66(24) MeV	AL
Lr-261	39(12) min	SF div.	?		AL
Lr-262	4 h	SF div. EC/β⁺ → ²⁶²No α → ²⁵⁸Md	< 10 % ? ?	2.00(41) MeV 7.99(20) MeV	AL
Lr-263	gibt es nicht				AL
Lr-264	4.9 h	SF div	ca. 100 %		AL
Lr-265	unknown				AL
Lr-266	11 h	SF div.	100 %		AL

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Lawrencium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to ¹²C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Lawrencium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β^- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β⁺ = positron emission; ε = β⁺ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
- unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Lawrencium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Lawrencium: NMR properties

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - J. Khuyagbaatar et al.:
⁴⁸Ca + ²⁴⁹Bk Fusion Reaction Leading to Element Z = 117: Long-Lived α-Decaying ²⁷⁰Db and Discovery of ²⁶⁶Lr.
In: Physical Review Letters, (2014), DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.172501.

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Last update: 2022-11-30

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