All atomic nuclei of the chemical element manganese are summarized under manganese isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 25 protons and, in the uncharged state, 25 electrons. The difference between each manganese isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
The transition element manganese occurs in nature only in the form of its stable isotope Mn-55. All other manganese isotopes are unstable radionuclides; a total of 25 radioisotopes and several nuclear isomers are known.
The standard atomic mass of manganese is 54.938044(3) u.
| Isotope Nuclide | E | N | Atomic Mass [Nuclear Mass] {Mass Excess} | Spin I (h/2π) | Parent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Manganese-42 | 4225Mn | 17 | 42.0 u [41.9862858 u] {0 MeV} | ||
| Manganese-43 | 4325Mn | 18 | 43.0(2) u [42.9862858 u] {0 MeV} | ||
| Manganese-44 | 4425Mn | 19 | 44.00755(54) u [43.9938358 u] {7.03278 MeV} | (2-)~ | 45Fe |
| Manganese-45 | 4525Mn | 20 | 44.99436(43) u [44.9806458 u] {-5.25363 MeV} | (7/2-)~ | |
| Manganese-46 | 4625Mn | 21 | 45.98651(43) u [45.9727958 u] {-12.56585 MeV} | (4+) | 46Fe |
| Manganese-46m | 46m25Mn | 21 | 45.98651(43) u [45.9727958 u] {-12.56585 MeV} | 1-~ | |
| Manganese-47 | 4725Mn | 22 | 46.97577(3) u [46.9620558 u] {-22.5701 MeV} | (5/2-) | 47Fe |
| Manganese-48 | 4825Mn | 23 | 47.968549(7) u [47.9548348 u] {-29.29642 MeV} | 4+ | 48Fe |
| Manganese-49 | 4925Mn | 24 | 48.9596126(24) u [48.9458984 u] {-37.62062 MeV} | 5/2- | 49Fe |
| Manganese-50 | 5025Mn | 25 | 49.9542374(5) u [49.9405232 u] {-42.62759 MeV} | 0+ | 50Fe |
| Manganese-50m | 50m25Mn | 25 | 49.9542374(5) u [49.9405232 u] {-42.62759 MeV} | 5+ | |
| Manganese-51 | 5125Mn | 26 | 50.9482081(5) u [50.9344939 u] {-48.24384 MeV} | 5/2- | 51Fe |
| Manganese-52 | 5225Mn | 27 | 51.9455635(20) u [51.9318493 u] {-50.70727 MeV} | 6+ | 52Fe |
| Manganese-52m | 52m25Mn | 27 | 51.9455635 u [51.9318493 u] {-50.70727 MeV} | 2+ | |
| Manganese-53 | 5325Mn | 28 | 52.9412877(5) u [52.9275735 u] {-54.69016 MeV} | 7/2- | 53Fe |
| Manganese-54 | 5425Mn | 29 | 53.9403564(11) u [53.9266422 u] {-55.55766 MeV} | 3+ | |
| Manganese-55 | 5525Mn | 30 | 54.938044(3) u [54.9243298 u] {-57.71164 MeV} | 5/2- | 55Fe 55Cr |
| Manganese-56 | 5625Mn | 31 | 55.9389029(4) u [55.9251887 u] {-56.91158 MeV} | 3+ | 56Cr |
| Manganese-57 | 5725Mn | 32 | 56.9382860(16) u [56.9245718 u] {-57.48622 MeV} | 5/2- | 57Cr |
| Manganese-58 | 5825Mn | 33 | 57.9400666(29) u [57.9263524 u] {-55.8276 MeV} | 1+ | 58Cr |
| Manganese-58m | 58m25Mn | 33 | 57.9400666(29) u [57.9263524 u] {-55.8276 MeV} | 4+ | |
| Manganese-59 | 5925Mn | 34 | 58.9403911(25) u [58.9266769 u] {-55.52533 MeV} | 5/2- | 59Cr |
| Manganese-60 | 6025Mn | 35 | 59.9431366(25) u [59.9294224 u] {-52.96792 MeV} | 1+ | 60Cr |
| Manganese-60m | 60m25Mn | 35 | 59.9431366(25) u [59.9294224 u] {-52.96792 MeV} | 4+ | |
| Manganese-61 | 6125Mn | 36 | 60.9444525(25) u [60.9307383 u] {-51.74216 MeV} | (5/2-) | 61Cr |
| Manganese-62 | 6225Mn | 37 | 61.947907(7) u [61.9341928 u] {-48.52432 MeV} | (1+) | 62Cr |
| Manganese-62m | 62m25Mn | 37 | 61.947907(7) u [61.9341928 u] {-48.52432 MeV} | (4+) | |
| Manganese-63 | 6325Mn | 38 | 62.949665(4) u [62.9359508 u] {-46.88675 MeV} | 5/2- | 63Cr |
| Manganese-64 | 6425Mn | 39 | 63.953849(4) u [63.9401348 u] {-42.98938 MeV} | (1+) | 64Cr |
| Manganese-64m | 64m25Mn | 39 | 63.953849(4) u [63.9401348 u] {-42.98938 MeV} | (4+) | |
| Manganese-65 | 6525Mn | 40 | 64.956020(4) u [64.9423058 u] {-40.96711 MeV} | (5/2-) | 65Cr |
| Manganese-66 | 6625Mn | 41 | 65.960547(12) u [65.9468328 u] {-36.75023 MeV} | 66Cr | |
| Manganese-67 | 6725Mn | 42 | 66.96408(32) u [66.9503658 u] {-33.45926 MeV} | (5/2-) | 67Cr |
| Manganese-68 | 6825Mn | 43 | 67.96953(43) u [67.9558158 u] {-28.38262 MeV} | >3 | |
| Manganese-69 | 6925Mn | 44 | 68.97341(43) u [68.9596958 u] {-24.76843 MeV} | (5/2-) | |
| Manganese-70 | 7025Mn | 45 | 69.97907(54) u [69.9653558 u] {-19.49617 MeV} | ||
| Manganese-71 | 7125Mn | 46 | 70.98328(54) u [70.9695658 u] {-15.57458 MeV} |
| Isotope | Radioactive Decay | Extern | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Half-life | Decay Mode | Probability | Energy | ||
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Mn-42 | p → 41Cr | ||||
| Mn-43 | p → 42Cr | ||||
| Mn-44 | 105 ns | p → 43Cr EC/β+ → 44Cr | ? ? | AL | |
| Mn-45 | < 70 ns | AL | |||
| Mn-46 | 36.2(4) ms | β+ → 46Cr EC, p → 45V | 43 % 57.0(8) % | 16.90(40) MeV | AL |
| Mn-46m | 1 ms | β+ → 46Cr | 17.1 MeV | AL | |
| Mn-47 | 100(50) ms | β+ → 47Cr β+, p → 46V | 96.6 % 3.4(9) % | 12.00(30) MeV | AL |
| Mn-48 | 158.1(22) ms | β+ → 48Cr β+, p → 47V β+, α → 44Ti | 99.71 % 0.027 % 6 x 10-4% | 13.526(10) MeV | AL |
| Mn-49 | 382(7) ms | β+ → 49Cr | 100 % | 7.712(3) MeV | AL |
| Mn-50 | 283.19(10) ms | EC β+ → 50Cr | 100 % | 7.6345(6) MeV | AL |
| Mn-50m | 1.75(3) min | EC β+ → 50Cr | 100 % | 7.887 MeV | AL |
| Mn-51 | 46.2(1) min | EC β+ → 51Cr | 100 % | 3.2075(6) MeV | AL |
| Mn-52 | 5.591(3) d | EC β+ → 52Cr | 100 % | 4.7120(19) MeV | AL |
| Mn-52m | 21.1(2) min | EC β+ → 52Cr Iso → 52Mn | 98.22(5) % 1.78(5) % | 5.09 MeV 0.378 MeV | AL |
| Mn-53 | 3.74(4) × 106 a | EC → 53Cr | 100 % | 0.5969(6) MeV | AL |
| Mn-54 | 312.2(2) d | EC β+ → 54Cr β- → 54Fe | 99.99 % 0.000093 % | 1.3771(11) MeV 0.6969(11) MeV | AL |
| Mn-55 | stable | AL | |||
| Mn-56 | 2.5789(1) h | β- → 56Fe | 100 % | 3.69554(21) MeV | AL |
| Mn-57 | 85.4(18) s | β- → 57Fe | 100 % | 2.6956(15) MeV | AL |
| Mn-58 | 3.0(1) s | β- → 58Fe | 100 % | 6.3276(27) MeV | AL |
| Mn-58m | 65.4(5) s | β- → 58Fe Iso → 58Mn | 90 % 10 % | AL | |
| Mn-59 | 4.59(5) s | β- → 59Fe | 5.1395(24) MeV | AL | |
| Mn-60 | 0.28(2) s | β- → 60Fe | 100 % | 8.445(4) MeV | AL |
| Mn-60m | 1.77(2) s | β- → 60Fe Iso → 60Mn | 88.5 % 11.5 % | AL | |
| Mn-61 | 709(8) ms | β- → 61Fe | 100 % | 7.178(3) MeV | AL |
| Mn-62 | 92(13) ms | β- → 62Fe β-, n → 61Fe | 100 % ? | 10.354(7) MeV 2.325(7) MeV | AL |
| Mn-62m | 671(5) ms | β- → 62Fe β-, n → 61Fe | 100 % ? | AL | |
| Mn-63 | 275(4) ms | β- → 63Fe β-, n → 62Fe | 100 % ? | 8.749(6) MeV 3.920(5) MeV | AL |
| Mn-64 | 90(4) ms | β- → 64Fe β-, n → 63Fe | 77 % 33 % | 11.981(6) MeV 4.575(6) MeV | AL |
| Mn-64m | 0.50(5) ms | Iso → 64Mn | 100 % | AL | |
| Mn-65 | 92(1) ms | β- → 65Fe β-, n → 64Fe | 79 % 21.0(5) % | 10.251(6) MeV 5.931(6) MeV | AL |
| Mn-66 | 65(2) ms | β- → 66Fe | 13.317(12) MeV | AL | |
| Mn-67 | 47(2) ms | β- → 67Fe β-, n → 66Fe | 100 % ? | 12.15(40) MeV 8.54(30) MeV | AL |
| Mn-68 | 28(3) ms | β- → 68Fe β-, n → 67Fe | 100 % ? | 15.11(54) MeV 9.16(48) MeV | AL |
| Mn-69 | 16(3) ms | β- → 69Fe | 100 % | 14.26(56) MeV | AL |
| Mn-70 | 19.9(17) ms | β- → 70Fe β-, n → 69Fe | 50(20) % | 17.01(64) MeV 11.46(64) MeV | AL |
| Mn-71 | 637 ns | β- → 71Fe β-, n → 70Fe β-, 2n → 69Fe | ? ? ? | 15.86(64) MeV 12.87(64) MeV | AL |
Notes (related to the columns):
1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Manganese isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.
7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Manganese isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).
Miscellaneous:
()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
- unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.
| Nuclide quantity 1) spin | Nuclear magnetic moment μ/μN | Gyromagnetic ratio {Quadrupole moment} | Resonant frequency v0 bei 1 T | Relative sensitivity H0 = const. v0 = const. 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 55Mn 100 % 5/2- | +3,4669(6) | 6,608 {+ 0,33(1)} | 10,5763 | 0,17881 2,8981 |
1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.
2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]
3) Related to 1H = 1,000.
According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Manganese radionuclides:
| Nuclide | Limit Value | HASS limit | SC | Daughter Nuclides | Half-life | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mn-51 | 105 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 1 Bq cm-2 | 46.2 min | ||
| Mn-52 | 105 Bq | 1 Bq/g | 0,02 TBq | 1 Bq cm-2 | 5.6 d | |
| Mn-52m | 105 Bq | 10 Bq/g | Unbegrenzt (UL) | 1 Bq cm-2 | 21.2 min | |
| Mn-53 | 109 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 100 Bq cm-2 | 3.7 × 106 a | ||
| Mn-54 | 106 Bq | 0,1 Bq/g | 0,08 TBq | 1 Bq cm-2 | 312.1 d | |
| Mn-56 | 105 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 0,04 TBq | 1 Bq cm-2 | 2.6 h | |
(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)
Properties of the Manganese nucleides
[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.
[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.
Manganese: NMR properties - 55Mn-NMR
[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.
[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.
[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.
[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).
More sources:
[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.
[9] - K. Garofali, R. Robinson, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of chromium, manganese, nickel, and copper isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2012), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2011.11.002.
Last update: 2022-11-17
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