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Isotopes of Nickel

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Nickel.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Nickel isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element nickel are summarized under nickel isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 28 protons and, in the uncharged state, 28 electrons. The difference between each nickel isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

 

Naturally Occurring Nickel Isotopes

The transition element nickel occurs in nature as a mixture of five stable isotopes. The table below lists the natural isotopic composition of nickel:

Atomic Mass maQuantityHalf-lifeSpin
Nickel
Isotopic mixture		58,6934 u100 %
Isotope 58Ni57,935342(3) u68,0769(190) %stable0+
Isotope 60Ni59,930786(3) u26,2231(150) %stable0+
Isotope 61Ni60,931056(3) u1,1399(13) %stable3/2-
Isotope 64Ni63,927967(4) u0,9256(19) %stable0+
Isotope 62Ni61,928345(4) u3,6345(40) %stable0+

 

Technically or medically, the nickel isotopes have no meaning.

 

Isotope Table: Nickel

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Nickel isotopes. Further information on the individual Nickel isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Nickel-484828Ni2048.01952(46) u
[48.0041602 u]
{18.18276 MeV}		0+
Nickel-494928Ni2149.00880(64) u
[48.9934402 u]
{8.19715 MeV}		(7/2-)~
Nickel-505028Ni2249.99558(54) u
[49.9802202 u]
{-4.1172 MeV}		0+
Nickel-515128Ni2350.98722(54) u
[50.9718602 u]
{-11.90449 MeV}		(7/2-)
Nickel-525228Ni2451.97603(43) u
[51.9606702 u]
{-22.32791 MeV}		0+54Zn
Nickel-535328Ni2552.968190(27) u
[52.9528302 u]
{-29.63082 MeV}		(7/2-)
Nickel-545428Ni2653.957833(5) u
[53.9424732 u]
{-39.27831 MeV}		0+
Nickel-54m54m28Ni2653.957833(5) u
[53.9424732 u]
{-39.27831 MeV}		10+
Nickel-555528Ni2754.9513300(8) u
[54.9359702 u]
{-45.33581 MeV}		7/2-
Nickel-565628Ni2855.9421278(4) u
[55.926768 u]
{-53.90761 MeV}		0+56Cu
57Zn
60Ga
Nickel-575728Ni2956.9397915(6) u
[56.9244317 u]
{-56.08386 MeV}		3/2-57Cu
58Zn
Nickel-585828Ni3057.935342(3) u
[57.9199822 u]
{-60.22854 MeV}		0+58Cu
59Zn
Nickel-595928Ni3158.93434544(38) u
[58.9189856 u]
{-61.15683 MeV}		3/2-59Cu
Nickel-606028Ni3259.930786(3) u
[59.9154262 u]
{-64.47243 MeV}		0+60Cu
60Co
Nickel-616128Ni3360.931056(3) u
[60.9156962 u]
{-64.22092 MeV}		3/2-61Cu
61Co
Nickel-626228Ni3461.928345(4) u
[61.9129852 u]
{-66.7462 MeV}		0+62Cu
62Co
Nickel-636328Ni3562.9296690(5) u
[62.9143092 u]
{-65.5129 MeV}		1/2-63Co
Nickel-63m63m28Ni3562.9296691(5) u
[62.9143093 u]
{-65.51281 MeV}		5/2-
Nickel-646428Ni3663.927967(4) u
[63.9126072 u]
{-67.09831 MeV}		0+64Co
64Cu
Nickel-656528Ni3764.9300847(5) u
[64.9147249 u]
{-65.12568 MeV}		5/2-65Co
Nickel-65m65m28Ni3764.9300847(5) u
[64.9147249 u]
{-65.12568 MeV}		1/2-
Nickel-666628Ni3865.9291393(15) u
[65.9137795 u]
{-66.00632 MeV}		0+66Co
Nickel-676728Ni3966.931569(3) u
[66.9162092 u]
{-63.74307 MeV}		(1/2)-67Co
Nickel-67m67m28Ni3966.931569(3) u
[66.9162092 u]
{-63.74307 MeV}		(9/2+)
Nickel-686828Ni4067.931869(3) u
[67.9165092 u]
{-63.46362 MeV}		0+68Co
Nickel-68m168m128Ni4067.931869(3) u
[67.9165092 u]
{-63.46362 MeV}		0+
Nickel-68m268m228Ni4067.931869(3) u
[67.9165092 u]
{-63.46362 MeV}		5-
Nickel-696928Ni4168.935610(4) u
[68.9202502 u]
{-59.9789 MeV}		(9/2+)
Nickel-69m169m128Ni4168.935610(4) u
[68.9202502 u]
{-59.9789 MeV}		(1/2-)
Nickel-69m269m228Ni4168.935610(4) u
[68.9202502 u]
{-59.9789 MeV}		(17/2-)
Nickel-707028Ni4269.9364313(23) u
[69.9210715 u]
{-59.21386 MeV}		0+70Co
Nickel-70m70m28Ni4269.9364313(23) u
[69.9210715 u]
{-59.21386 MeV}		8+
Nickel-717128Ni4370.9405190(24) u
[70.9251592 u]
{-55.40619 MeV}		(9/2+)
Nickel-71m71m28Ni4370.9405190(24) u
[70.9251592 u]
{-55.40619 MeV}		(1/2-)
Nickel-727228Ni4471.9417859(24) u
[71.9264261 u]
{-54.22608 MeV}		0+
Nickel-737328Ni4572.9462067(26) u
[72.9308469 u]
{-50.10814 MeV}		(9/2+)
Nickel-747428Ni4673.94798(21) u
[73.9326202 u]
{-48.45632 MeV}		0+74Co
Nickel-757528Ni4774.95273(32) u
[74.9373702 u]
{-44.03172 MeV}		(7/2+)
Nickel-767628Ni4875.95531(43) u
[75.9399502 u]
{-41.62847 MeV}		0+
Nickel-76m76m28Ni4875.95531(43) u
[75.9399502 u]
{-41.62847 MeV}
Nickel-777728Ni4976.96049(54) u
[76.9451302 u]
{-36.80333 MeV}
Nickel-787828Ni5077.96362(64) u
[77.9482602 u]
{-33.88775 MeV}		0+
Nickel-797928Ni5178.97040(64) u
[78.9550402 u]
{-27.57222 MeV}
Nickel-808028Ni5279.97571(75) u
[79.9603502 u]
{-22.62599 MeV}		0+

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Ni-482.1 msβ+, p → 47Fe
2p → 46Fe		30 %
70 %		15.29(71) MeV
1.29(4) MeV		AL
Ni-497.5(10) msEC/β+ → 49Co
β+, p → 48Fe		17 %
83(13) %		18.08(72) MeV
AL
Ni-5018.5(12) msEC/β+ → 50Co
ε, p → 49Fe
EC, 2p → 48Fe
73(6) %
14(5) %		13.51(64) MeV

AL
Ni-5123.8(2) msEC/β+ → 51Co
EC, p → 50Fe
EC, 2p → 49Fe
87.2(8) %
0.5(2) %		15.44(50) MeV

AL
Ni-5240.8(2) msEC/β+ → 52Co
β+, p → 51Fe		68.6 %
31.4(15) %		12.03(40) MeV
AL
Ni-5355.2(7) msEC/β+ → 53Co
β+, p → 52Fe
23.4(10) %		13.029(25) MeV
AL
Ni-54114.2(3) msEC/β+ → 54Co100 %8.732(5) MeVAL
Ni-54m152(4) nsIso → 54Ni
p → 53Co		64(2) %
36(2) %
Ni-55204.7(37) msEC/β+ → 55Co100 %8.6940(8) MeVAL
Ni-566.075(10) dEC/β+ → 56Co100 %2.1329(6) MeVAL
Ni-5735.60 (6) hEC/β+ → 57Co100 %3.2617(8) MeVAL
Ni-58stableAL
Ni-597.6(5) × 104 aEC/β+ → 59Co100 %1.0730(5) MeVAL
Ni-60stableAL
Ni-61stableAL
Ni-62stableAL
Ni-63101.2(15) aβ- → 63Cu100 %0.066977(15) MeVAL
Ni-63m1.67(3) μsAL
Ni-64stableAL
Ni-652.5175(5) hβ- → 65Cu100 %2.1380(7) MeVAL
Ni-65m69(3) μsβ- → 65CuAL
Ni-6654.6(3) hβ- → 66Cu100 %0.2520(15) MeVAL
Ni-6721(1)sβ- → 67Cu100 %3.577(3) MeVAL
Ni-67m13.3(2) μs
Ni-6829(2) sβ- → 68Cu100 %2.103(3) MeVAL
Ni-68m1270(5) ns
Ni-68m20.86(5) msIso → 68Ni100 %AL
Ni-6911.4(3) sβ- → 69Cu100 %5.758(4) MeVAL
Ni-69m13.5(4) sβ- → 69Cu
Iso → 69Ni		< 99.9 %
< 0.01 %		5.758(4) MeV
Ni-69m20.439(3) μsIso → 69Ni100 %
Ni-706.0(3) sβ- → 70Cu100 %3.7625(24) MeVAL
Ni-70m0.232(1) μsIso → 70Ni100 %
Ni-712.56(3) sβ- → 71Cu100 %7.3049(27) MeVAL
Ni-71m2.3(3) sβ- → 71Cu100 %
Ni-721.57(5) sβ- → 72Cu100 %5.5569(26) MeVAL
Ni-730.84(3) sβ- → 73Cu
β-, n → 72Cu		100 %
?		8.879(3) MeV
1.6035(28) MeV		AL
Ni-74507.7(46) ms
β-, n → 73Cu
?
2.46(20) MeV		AL
Ni-75344(25) msβ- → 75Cu
β- → 74Cu
10.0(28) %		10.3834 MeV
3.90(30) MeV		AL
Ni-76238 msβ- → 76Cu
β-, n → 75Cu		100 %
?		9.35(40) MeV
4.77(40) MeV		AL
Ni-76m0.59 μsIso → 76Ni100 %
Ni-77128 msβ- → 77Cu
β-, n → 76Cu		100 %
?		11.82(52) MeV
6.10(50) MeV		AL
Ni-780.11 sβ- → 78Cu
β-, n → 77Cu		100 %
?		10.61(78) MeV
6.66(62) MeV		AL
Ni-7943 msβ- → 79Cu
β-, n → 78Cu
β-, 2n → 77Cu		100 %
?
?		14.17(67) MeV
8.86(78) MeV
Ni-8024 msβ- → 80Cu
β-, n → 79Cu
β-, 2n → 78Cu		100 %
?
?		13.57(81) MeV
11.04(76) MeV

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Nickel isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Nickel isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Nickel nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
61Ni
1,1399(13) %
3/2-		-0,74965(5)- 2,394
{+ 0,162(15)}		3,81140,00359
0,4476

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Nickel radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Ni-56106 Bq10 Bq/g6.1 d
Ni-57106 Bq10 Bq/g35.9 h
Ni-59108 Bq100 Bq/g1000 TBq100 Bq cm-276000 a
Ni-63108 Bq100 Bq/g60 TBq100 Bq cm-2100.6 a
Ni-65106 Bq10 Bq/g0,1 TBq10 Bq cm-22.5 h
Ni-66+107 Bq10000 Bq/g54.4 h

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Nickel nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Nickel: NMR properties - 61Ni-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - M. P. Fewell:
The atomic nuclide with the highest mean binding energy.
In: American Journal of Physics, (1995), DOI 10.1119/1.17828.

[10] - K. Garofali, R. Robinson, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of chromium, manganese, nickel, and copper isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2012), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2011.11.002.

 

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