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Isotopes of Niobium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Niobium.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Niobium isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element niobium are summarized under niobium isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 41 protons and, in the uncharged state, 41 electrons. The difference between each niobium isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

 

Naturally Occurring Niobium Isotopes

Only one isotope of niobium occurs in nature: 93Nb, standard atomic mass 92.90637(2) u.

 

All other known and characterized niobium nuclides are unstable and are of no importance for technical applications.

 

Isotope Table: Niobium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Niobium isotopes. Further information on the individual Niobium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Niobium-818141Nb4080.95023(43) u
[80.9277392 u]
{-46.36046 MeV}
Niobium-828241Nb4181.94408(32) u
[81.9215892 u]
{-52.08914 MeV}		(0+)
Niobium-838341Nb4282.93821(16) u
[82.9157192 u]
{-57.55701 MeV}		(5/2+)
Niobium-848441Nb4383.934279(14) u
[83.9117792 u]
{-61.2271 MeV}		(1+,2+,3+)
Niobium-84m84m41Nb4383.934279(14) u
[83.9117792 u]
{-61.2271 MeV}		(5-)
Niobium-858541Nb4484.928846(4) u
[84.9063552 u]
{-66.27952 MeV}		(9/2+)
Niobium-868641Nb4585.925782(6) u
[85.9032912 u]
{-69.13362 MeV}		(6+)86Mo
Niobium-878741Nb4686.920692(7) u
[86.8982012 u]
{-73.87493 MeV}		(1/2)-87Mo
Niobium-87m87m41Nb4686.920692(7) u
[86.8982012 u]
{-73.87493 MeV}		(9/2+)
Niobium-888841Nb4787.91822(6) u
[87.8957292 u]
{-76.17758 MeV}		(8+)88Mo
Niobium-88m88m41Nb4787.91822(6) u
[87.8957292 u]
{-76.17758 MeV}		(4-)
Niobium-898941Nb4888.913445(25) u
[88.8909542 u]
{-80.62546 MeV}		(9/2+)89Mo
Niobium-89m89m41Nb4888.913445(25) u
[88.8909542 u]
{-80.62546 MeV}		(1/2)-
Niobium-909041Nb4989.911259(4) u
[89.8887682 u]
{-82.66171 MeV}		8+90Mo
Niobium-90m190m141Nb4989.911259(4) u
[89.8887682 u]
{-82.66171 MeV}		6+
Niobium-90m290m241Nb4989.911259(4) u
[89.8887682 u]
{-82.66171 MeV}		4-
Niobium-90m390m341Nb4989.911259(4) u
[89.8887682 u]
{-82.66171 MeV}		7+
Niobium-90m490m441Nb4989.911259(4) u
[89.8887682 u]
{-82.66171 MeV}		1+
Niobium-90m590m541Nb4989.911259(4) u
[89.8887682 u]
{-82.66171 MeV}		(11-)
Niobium-919141Nb5090.906990(3) u
[90.8844992 u]
{-86.63826 MeV}		9/2+91Mo
Niobium-91m191m141Nb5090.906990(3) u
[90.8844992 u]
{-86.63826 MeV}		1/2-
Niobium-91m291m241Nb5090.906990(3) u
[90.8844992 u]
{-86.63826 MeV}		(17/2-)
Niobium-929241Nb5191.9071886(19) u
[91.8846978 u]
{-86.45326 MeV}		(7)+
Niobium-92m192m141Nb5191.9071886(19) u
[91.8846978 u]
{-86.45326 MeV}		(2)+
Niobium-92m292m241Nb5191.9071886(19) u
[91.8846978 u]
{-86.45326 MeV}		(2)-
Niobium-92m392m341Nb5191.9071886(19) u
[91.8846978 u]
{-86.45326 MeV}		(11-)
Niobium-939341Nb5292.90637(2) u
[92.8838792 u]
{-87.21578 MeV}		9/2+93Mo
93Zr
Niobium-93m93m41Nb5292.90637(2) u
[92.8838792 u]
{-87.21578 MeV}		1/2-
Niobium-949441Nb5393.9072790(16) u
[93.8847882 u]
{-86.36906 MeV}		6+
Niobium-94m94m41Nb5393.9072790(16) u
[93.8847882 u]
{-86.36906 MeV}		3+
Niobium-959541Nb5494.9068311(5) u
[94.8843403 u]
{-86.78627 MeV}		9/2+95Zr
Niobium-95m95m41Nb5494.9068311(5) u
[94.8843403 u]
{-86.78627 MeV}		1/2-
Niobium-969641Nb5595.90810159(16) u
[95.8856108 u]
{-85.60282 MeV}		6+
Niobium-979741Nb5696.908098(5) u
[96.8856072 u]
{-85.60616 MeV}		9/2+97Zr
Niobium-97m97m41Nb5696.908098(5) u
[96.8856072 u]
{-85.60616 MeV}		1/2-
Niobium-989841Nb5797.910333(5) u
[97.8878422 u]
{-83.52427 MeV}		1+98Zr
Niobium-98m98m41Nb5797.910333(5) u
[97.8878422 u]
{-83.52427 MeV}		(5+)
Niobium-999941Nb5898.911609(13) u
[98.8891182 u]
{-82.33569 MeV}		9/2+99Zr
Niobium-99m99m41Nb5898.911609(13) u
[98.8891182 u]
{-82.33569 MeV}		1/2-
Niobium-10010041Nb5999.914334(9) u
[99.8918432 u]
{-79.79737 MeV}		1+100Zr
Niobium-100m1100m141Nb5999.914334(9) u
[99.8918432 u]
{-79.79737 MeV}		(5+)
Niobium-10110141Nb60100.915306(4) u
[100.8928152 u]
{-78.89195 MeV}		(5/2+)101Zr
248Cm
252Cf
Niobium-10210241Nb61101.9180837(27) u
[101.8955929 u]
{-76.30454 MeV}		(4+)102Zr
252Cf
Niobium-102m1102m141Nb61101.9180837(27) u
[101.8955929 u]
{-76.30454 MeV}		1+
Niobium-10310341Nb62102.919453(4) u
[102.8969622 u]
{-75.02905 MeV}		(5/2+)103Zr
248Cm
252Cf
Niobium-10410441Nb63103.9228991(29) u
[103.9004083 u]
{-71.81903 MeV}		(1+)104Zr
252Cf
Niobium-104m104m41Nb63103.9228991(29) u
[103.9004083 u]
{-71.81903 MeV}
Niobium-10510541Nb64104.924943(4) u
[104.9024522 u]
{-69.91515 MeV}		(5/2+)
Niobium-10610641Nb65105.928928(4) u
[105.9064372 u]
{-66.20314 MeV}		(1-)
Niobium-106m106m41Nb65105.928928(4) u
[105.9064372 u]
{-66.20314 MeV}		(3+)
Niobium-10710741Nb66106.931590(9) u
[106.9090992 u]
{-63.7235 MeV}
Niobium-10810841Nb67107.936075(9) u
[107.9135842 u]
{-59.54575 MeV}		(2+)
Niobium-108m108m41Nb67107.936075(9) u
[107.9135842 u]
{-59.54575 MeV}		(4-,5)
Niobium-10910941Nb68108.93914(28) u
[108.9166492 u]
{-56.69072 MeV}		(5/2+)
Niobium-11011041Nb69109.94384(90) u
[109.9213492 u]
{-52.3127 MeV}		(5)
Niobium-11111141Nb70110.94753(32) u
[110.9250392 u]
{-48.87549 MeV}		(5/2+)
Niobium-11211241Nb71111.95247(32) u
[111.9299792 u]
{-44.27391 MeV}		(2+)
Niobium-11311341Nb72112.95651(43) u
[112.9340192 u]
{-40.51067 MeV}
Niobium-11411441Nb73113.96201(54) u
[113.9395192 u]
{-35.38746 MeV}
Niobium-11511541Nb74114.96634(54) u
[114.9438492 u]
{-31.35409 MeV}

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Nb-81200 nsEC/β+ → 81Zr?11.10(41) MeVAL
Nb-8250(6) msEC/β+ → 82Zr
EC, p → 81Y		100 %
?		11.54(30) MeV
AL
Nb-833.9(2) sEC/β+ → 83Zr100 %8.36(15) MeVAL
Nb-849.8(9) sEC/β+ → 84Zr
EC, p → 83Y		> 99.9 %
?		10.203(14) MeV
AL
Nb-84m103(19) nsIso → 84Nb100 %
Nb-8520.9(7) sEC/β+ → 85Zr100 %6.896(8) MeVAL
Nb-8688(1) sEC/β+ → 86Zr100 %8.835(7) MeVAL
Nb-873.7(1) minEC/β+ → 87Zr100 %5.473(8) MeVAL
Nb-87m2.6(1) minEC/β+ → 87Zr100 %
Nb-8814.50(11) minEC/β+ → 88Zr100 %7.46(6) MeVAL
Nb-88m7.7(1) minEC/β+ → 88Zr100 %
Nb-892.03(7) hEC/β+ → 89Zr100 %4.250(24) MeVAL
Nb-89m66(2) minEC/β+ → 89Zr100 %
Nb-9014.60(5) hEC/β+ → 90Zr100 %6.111(3) MeVAL
Nb-90m163(2) μsIso → 90Nb100 %
Nb-90m218.81(6) sIso → 90Nb100 %
Nb-90m31 μsAL
Nb-90m46.19(8) msIso → 90Nb100 %
Nb-90m5472(13) ns
Nb-91680(130) aEC/β+ → 91Zr100 %1.2576(29) MeVAL
Nb-91m160.86(22) dEC/β+ → 91Zr
Iso → 91Nb		3.4(5) %
96.6(5) %
Nb-91m23.76(12) μsIso → 91Nb100 %
Nb-923.47(24) × 107 aβ+ → 92Zr
β- → 92Mo		> 99.95 %
< 0.05 %		2.0057(18) MeV
0.3553(18) MeV		AL
Nb-92m110.15(2) dEC/β+ → 92Zr100 %
Nb-92m25.9(2) μs
Nb-92m3167(4) ns
Nb-93stableAL
Nb-93m16.12(12) aIso → 93Nb100 %
Nb-942.03(16) × 104 aβ- → 94Mo100 %2.0450(15) MeVAL
Nb-94m6.263(4) minβ- → 94Mo
Iso → 94Nb		0.50(6) %
99.50(6) %
Nb-9534.991(6) dβ- → 95Mo100 %0.9256(5) MeVAL
Nb-95m3.61(3) dβ- → 95Mo
Iso → 95Nb		5.6(6) %
94.4(6) %
Nb-9623.35(5) hβ- → 96Mo100 %3.19206(11) MeVAL
Nb-9772.1(7) minβ- → 97Mo100 %1.939(4) MeVAL
Nb-97m58.7(18) sIso → 97Nb100 %
Nb-982.86(6) sβ- → 98Mo100 %4.591(5) MeVAL
Nb-98m51.3(4) minβ- → 98Mo
Iso → 98Nb		> 99.9(1) %
< 0.2 %
Nb-9915.0(2) sβ- → 99Mo100 %3.635(12) MeVAL
Nb-99m2.5(2) minβ- → 99Mo
Iso → 99Nb		> 96.2 %
< 3.8 %
Nb-1001.5(2) sβ- → 100Mo100 %6.396(8) MeVAL
Nb-100m12.99(11) sβ- → 100Mo100 %AL
Nb-1017.1(3) sβ- → 101Mo100 %4.628(4) MeVAL
Nb-1024.3(4) sβ- → 102Mo100 %7.2562(9) MeVAL
Nb-102m11.3(2) sβ- → 102Mo100 %
Nb-1031.5(2) sβ- → 103Mo100 %5.932(10) MeVAL
Nb-1044.9(3) sβ- → 104Mo
β-, n → 103Mo		99.94 %
0.06(3) %		8.531(9) MeV
1.07(1) MeV		AL
Nb-104m0.94(4) sβ- → 104Mo
β-, n → 103Mo		99.95 %
0.05 %
Nb-1052.95(6) sβ- → 105Mo
β-, n → 104Mo		98.3(9) %
1.7(9) %		7.422(10) MeV
2.363(10) MeV		AL
Nb-1061.02(5) sβ- → 106Mo
β-, n → 105Mo		95.5(3) %
4.5(3) %		9.931(10) MeV
3.062(10) MeV		AL
Nb-106m0.82(6) μsIso → 106Nb100 %
Nb-107300(9) msβ- → 107Mo100 %8.828(12) MeVAL
Nb-108198(6) msβ- → 108Mo
β-, n → 107Mo
β-, 2n → 106Mo		93.7(5) %
6.3(5) %
?		11.21(12) MeV
4.934(12) MeV
AL
Nb-108m0.109(2) μsIso → 108Nb100 %
Nb-109108(5) msβ- → 109Mo
β-, n → 108Mo		85 %
15 %		9.98(26) MeV
5.99(26) MeV		AL
Nb-11082(4) msβ- → 110Mo
β-, n → 109Mo		60(8) %
40(8) %		12.23(84) MeV
6.28(84) MeV		AL
Nb-11154(2) msβ- → 111Mo
β-, n → 110Mo
β-, 2n → 109Mo
?
?		11.06(30) MeV
7.6(3) MeV
AL
Nb-11233 msβ- → 112Mo100 %13.19(36) %AL
Nb-11332(4) msβ- → 113Mo
β-, n → 112Mo
β-, 2n → 111Mo
?
?		11.98(50) MeV
8.88(45) MeV
AL
Nb-11417(5) msβ- → 114Mo
β-, n → 113Mo
β-, 2n → 112Mo
?
?		14.442(58) MeV
9.03(59) MeV
AL
Nb-11523(8) msβ- → 115Mo
β-, n → 114Mo
β-, 2n → 113Mo
?
?		13.39(64) MeV
10.38(58) MeV
AL

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Niobium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Niobium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Niobium nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
93Nb
100 %
9/2+		+6,163(2)6,5674
{-0,32(2)}		10,45230,48821
8,1013

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Niobium radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Nb-88105 Bq10 Bq/g14.5 min
Nb-89+105 Bq10 Bq/g2.0 h
Nb-90+105 Bq10 Bq/g14.6 h
Nb-93m107 Bq10 Bq/g300 TBq100 Bq cm-216.1 a
Nb-94106 Bq0,1 Bq/g0,04 TBq1 Bq cm-220000 a
Nb-95106 Bq1 Bq/g0,09 TBq1 Bq cm-235.0 d
Nb-97106 Bq10 Bq/g0,1 TBq1 Bq cm-272.1 min
Nb-98m105 Bq10 Bq/g1 Bq cm-251.3 min

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Niobium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Niobium: NMR properties - 93Nb-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - A. Nystrom, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of Yttrium, Zirconium, Niobium, Technetium, and Ruthenium Isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2012), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2011.12.002.

 

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