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Isotopes of Palladium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Palladium.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Palladium isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element palladium are summarized under palladium isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 46 protons and, in the uncharged state, 46 electrons. The difference between each palladium isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

 

Naturally Occurring Palladium Isotopes

The palladium occurring on earth is composed of a total of six stable isotopes as follows:

Atomic Mass maQuantityHalf-lifeSpin
Palladium
Isotopic mixture		106,42 u100 %
Isotope 102Pd101,90560(2) u1,02(1) %stable0+
Isotope 104Pd103,904031(9) u11,14(8) %stable0+
Isotope 105Pd104,905080(8) u22,33(8) %stable5/2+
Isotope 106Pd105,903480(8) u27,33(3) %stable0+
Isotope 108Pd107,903892(8) u26,46(9) %stable0+
Isotope 110Pd109,905172(5) u11,72(9) %stable0+

 

All other palladium nuclides known and characterized so far are unstable; With a half-life of 6.5 million years, the palladium isotope 107 is the longest-lived radioisotope.

 

Isotope Table: Palladium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Palladium isotopes. Further information on the individual Palladium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Palladium-909046Pd4489.95737(43) u
[89.9321366 u]
{-39.70959 MeV}		0+
Palladium-919146Pd4590.95069(43) u
[90.9254566 u]
{-45.93197 MeV}
Palladium-929246Pd4691.94141(32) u
[91.9161766 u]
{-54.57623 MeV}		0+
Palladium-939346Pd4792.93666(32) u
[92.9114266 u]
{-59.00083 MeV}		(9/2+)
Palladium-949446Pd4893.929036(5) u
[93.9038026 u]
{-66.10254 MeV}		0+94Ag
Palladium-959546Pd4994.924889(3) u
[94.8996556 u]
{-69.96545 MeV}		(9/2+)
Palladium-95m95m46Pd4994.924889(3) u
[94.8996556 u]
{-69.96545 MeV}		(21/2+)
Palladium-969646Pd5095.918214(5) u
[95.8929806 u]
{-76.18317 MeV}		0+96Ag
Palladium-979746Pd5196.916472(5) u
[96.8912386 u]
{-77.80583 MeV}		(5/2+)97Ag
98Cd
Palladium-989846Pd5297.912698(5) u
[97.8874646 u]
{-81.32129 MeV}		0+98Ag
99Cd
Palladium-999946Pd5398.911773(5) u
[98.8865396 u]
{-82.18292 MeV}		(5/2)+99Ag
Palladium-10010046Pd5499.908520(19) u
[99.8832866 u]
{-85.21307 MeV}		0+100Ag
Palladium-10110146Pd55100.908285(5) u
[100.8830516 u]
{-85.43197 MeV}		5/2+101Ag
Palladium-10210246Pd56101.90560(2) u
[101.8803666 u]
{-87.93303 MeV}		0+102Ag
102Rh
Palladium-10310346Pd57102.9061108(10) u
[102.8808774 u]
{-87.45723 MeV}		5/2+103Ag
Palladium-10410446Pd58103.904031(9) u
[103.8787976 u]
{-89.39455 MeV}		0+104Ag
104Rh
Palladium-10510546Pd59104.905080(8) u
[104.8798466 u]
{-88.41741 MeV}		5/2+105Ag
105Rh
Palladium-10610646Pd60105.903480(8) u
[105.8782466 u]
{-89.9078 MeV}		0+106Ag
106Rh
Palladium-10710746Pd61106.9051281(13) u
[106.8798947 u]
{-88.37261 MeV}		5/2+107Rh
Palladium-107m1107m146Pd61106.9051281(13) u
[106.8798947 u]
{-88.37261 MeV}		1/2+
Palladium-107m2107m246Pd61106.9051281(13) u
[106.8798947 u]
{-88.37261 MeV}		11/2-
Palladium-10810846Pd62107.903892(8) u
[107.8786586 u]
{-89.52403 MeV}		0+108Ag
108Rh
Palladium-10910946Pd63108.9059506(12) u
[108.8807172 u]
{-87.60645 MeV}		5/2+109Rh
Palladium-109m109m46Pd63108.9059506(12) u
[108.8807172 u]
{-87.60645 MeV}		1/2+
Palladium-109m2109m246Pd63108.9059506(12) u
[108.8807172 u]
{-87.60645 MeV}		11/2-
Palladium-11011046Pd64109.905172(5) u
[109.8799386 u]
{-88.33171 MeV}		0+110Ag
110Rh
Palladium-11111146Pd65110.9076903(8) u
[110.8824569 u]
{-85.98593 MeV}		5/2+111Rh
Palladium-111m111m46Pd65110.9076903(8) u
[110.8824569 u]
{-85.98593 MeV}		11/2-
Palladium-11211246Pd66111.907330(7) u
[111.8820966 u]
{-86.32155 MeV}		0+112Rh
252Cf
Palladium-11311346Pd67112.910261(7) u
[112.8850276 u]
{-83.59134 MeV}		(5/2+)113Rh
252Cf
Palladium-113m113m46Pd67112.910261(7) u
[112.8850276 u]
{-83.59134 MeV}		(9/2-)
Palladium-11411446Pd68113.910369(7) u
[113.8851356 u]
{-83.49074 MeV}		0+114Rh
252Cf
Palladium-11511546Pd69149.13659(15) u
[149.1113566 u]
{31798.02877 MeV}		(1/2)+115Rh
252Cf
Palladium-115m115m46Pd69149.13659(15) u
[149.1113566 u]
{31798.02877 MeV}		(7/2-)
Palladium-11611646Pd70115.914297(8) u
[115.8890636 u]
{-79.83183 MeV}		0+116Rh
252Cf
Palladium-11711746Pd71116.917955(8) u
[116.8927216 u]
{-76.42443 MeV}		(5/2+)117Rh
252Cf
Palladium-117m117m46Pd71116.917955(8) u
[116.8927216 u]
{-76.42443 MeV}		(11/2-)
Palladium-11811846Pd72117.9190668(27) u
[117.8938334 u]
{-75.38879 MeV}		0+118Rh
252Cf
Palladium-11911946Pd73118.923340(9) u
[118.8981066 u]
{-71.40833 MeV}
Palladium-12012046Pd74119.9245513(25) u
[119.8993179 u]
{-70.28001 MeV}		0+
Palladium-12112146Pd75120.928950(4) u
[120.9037166 u]
{-66.18265 MeV}
Palladium-12212246Pd76121.930632(21) u
[121.9053986 u]
{-64.61588 MeV}		0+
Palladium-12312346Pd77122.93513(85) u
[122.9098966 u]
{-60.42602 MeV}
Palladium-12412446Pd78123.93732(32) u
[123.9120866 u]
{-58.38604 MeV}		0+
Palladium-12512546Pd79124.94190(43) u
[124.9166666 u]
{-54.1198 MeV}
Palladium-12612646Pd80125.94433(43) u
[125.9190966 u]
{-51.85627 MeV}		0+
Palladium-126m1126m146Pd80125.94433(43) u
[125.9190966 u]
{-51.85627 MeV}		(5-)
Palladium-126m2126m246Pd80125.94433(43) u
[125.9190966 u]
{-51.85627 MeV}		(7-)
Palladium-126m3126m346Pd80125.94433(43) u
[125.9190966 u]
{-51.85627 MeV}		(10+)
Palladium-12712746Pd81126.94935(54) u
[126.9241166 u]
{-47.18017 MeV}
Palladium-12812846Pd82127.95224(54) u
[127.9270066 u]
{-44.48815 MeV}		0+
Palladium-128m128m46Pd82127.95224(54) u
[127.9270066 u]
{-44.48815 MeV}		(8+)
Palladium-12912946Pd83128.95962(64) u
[128.9343866 u]
{-37.61373 MeV}

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Pd-90760 nsEC/β+ → 90Rh
EC, p → 89Ru		?
?
Pd-91EC/β+ → 91Rh100 %12.64(50) MeVAL
Pd-921.0 sEC/β+ → 92Rh100 %8.42(30) MeVAL
Pd-931.00(9) sEC/β+ → 93Rh
EC, p → 92Ru		ca. 100 %
?		10.01(30) MeV
?		AL
Pd-949.0(5) sEC/β+ → 94Rh100 %6.805(5) MeVAL
Pd-955(3) sEC/β+ → 95Rh100 %8.375(5) MeVAL
Pd-95m13.3(3) sEC/β+ → 95Rh
Iso → 95Pd
β+, p → 94Ru		89(3) %
11(3) %
0.93(15) %
Pd-96122(2) sEC/β+ → 96Rh100 %3.504(11) MeVAL
Pd-973.10(9) minEC/β+ → 97Rh100 %4.79(4) MeVAL
Pd-9817.7(3) minEC/β+ → 98Rh100 %1.854(13) MeVAL
Pd-9921.4(2) minEC/β+ → 99Rh100 %3.399(8) MeVAL
Pd-1003.63(9) dEC → 100Rh100 %0.378(25) MeVAL
Pd-1018.47(6) hEC/β+ → 101Rh100 %1.980(7) MeVAL
Pd-102stableAL
Pd-10316.991(19) dEC → 103Rh100 %0.5745(25) MeVAL
Pd-104stableAL
Pd-105stableAL
Pd-106stableAL
Pd-1076.5(3) × 106 aβ- → 107Ag100 %0.0340(23) MeVAL
Pd-107m10.85(10) μs
Pd-107m221.3(5) sIso → 107Pd100 %
Pd-108stableAL
Pd-10913.59(12) hβ- → 109Ag100 %1.1129(14) MeVAL
Pd-109m
Pd-109m24.703(9) minIso → 109Pd100 %
Pd-110stableAL
Pd-11123.4(2) minβ- → 111Ag100 %2.2296(16) MeVAL
Pd-111m5.5(1) hβ- → 111Ag
Iso → 111Pd		27(3) %
73(3) %
Pd-11221.04(17) hβ- → 112Ag100 %0.262(7) MeVAL
Pd-11393(5) sβ- → 113Ag100 %3.436(18) MeVAL
Pd-113m0.3(1) sIso → 113Pd100 %
Pd-1142.42(6) minβ- → 114Ag100 %1.440(8) MeVAL
Pd-11525(2) sβ- → 115Ag100 %4.556(22) MeVAL
Pd-115m50(3) sβ- → 115Ag
Iso → 115Pd		92.0(20) %
8.0(20) %
Pd-11611.8(4) sβ- → 116Ag100 %2.711(8) MeVAL
Pd-1174.3(3) sβ- → 117Ag100 %5.758(15) MeVAL
Pd-117m19.1(7) msIso → 117Pd100 %
Pd-1181.9(1) sβ- → 118Ag100 %4.165(4) MeVAL
Pd-1190.92(13) sβ- → 119Ag100 %7.238(17) MeVAL
Pd-120492(33) msβ- → 120Ag
β-, n → 119Ag		100 %
< 0.7 %		5.371(5) MeV
0.294(15) MeV		AL
Pd-121285(24) msβ- → 121Ag
β-, n → 120Ag		≥ 99.2 %
≤ 0.8 %		8.220(13) MeV
1.398(6) MeV		AL
Pd-122175(16) msβ- → 122Ag
β-, n → 121Ag		≥ 97.5 %
≤ 2.5 %		6.49(4) MeV
1.715(23) MeV		AL
Pd-123108(2) msβ- → 123Ag
β-, n → 122Ag		100 %
?		9.12(79) MeV
2.61(79) MeV		AL
Pd-12438 msβ- → 124Ag
β-, n → 123Ag		100 %
?		7.81(39) MeV
3.09(30) MeV		AL
Pd-12557(10) msβ- → 125Ag
β-, n → 124Ag		100 %
?		10.40(59) MeV
4.01(47) MeV		AL
Pd-12648.6(12) msβ- → 126Ag
β-, n → 125Ag		?
?		8.82(45) MeV
4.59(59) MeV		AL
Pd-126m10.33(4) μsIso → 126Pd100 %
Pd-126m20.44(3) μsIso → 126Pd100 %
Pd-126m323.0(9) msIso → 126Pd
β- → 126Ag		28(8) %
72(8) %
Pd-12738(2) msβ- → 127Ag
β-, n → 126Ag
β-, 2n → 125Ag		100 %
?
?		11.26(54) MeV
5.43(54) MeV
AL
Pd-12835(3) msβ- → 128Ag
β-, n → 127Ag		100 %
?		10.13(58) MeV
5.88(54) MeV		AL
Pd-128m5.8(8) μsIso → 128Pd100 %
Pd-12931(7) msβ- → 129Ag
β-, n → 128Ag
β-, 2n → 127Ag		100 %
?
?		14.37(72) MeV
8.94(67) MeV

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Palladium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Palladium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Palladium nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
105Pd
22,33(8) %
5/2+		- 0,642(3)- 1,2305
{+ 0,660(11)}		1,9570,00113
0,5364

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Palladium radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Pd-100+107 Bq100 Bq/g3.6 d
Pd-101106 Bq100 Bq/g8.5 h
Pd-103+108 Bq1000 Bq/g90 TBq100 Bq cm-2Rh-10617.0 d
Pd-107108 Bq1000 Bq/gUnbegrenzt (UL)6500000 a
Pd-109+106 Bq100 Bq/g20 TBq100 Bq cm-213.7 h

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Palladium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Palladium: NMR properties - 105Pd-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - T. Fujii, F. Moynier, A. Agranier, E. Ponzevera, M. Abe:
Isotope fractionation of palladium in chemical exchange reaction.
In: Proceedings in Radiochemistry, (2011), DOI 10.1524/rcpr.2011.0060.

[10] - J. Kathawa, C. Fry, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of palladium, antimony, tellurium, iodine, and xenon isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2013), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2012.01.004.

 

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