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Isotopes of Phosphorus

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Phosphorus.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Phosphorus isotopes

The element phosphorus, as a monoisotope, only has the stable isotope 31P, which represents 100% of the naturally occurring phosphorus. All other 22 known phosphorus isotopes are unstable radionuclides with half-lives of 25 days to a few milliseconds.

The phosphorus isotopes 33P and decay with a half-life of 25 or 14 days 32P are used as beta emitters, for example for radiolabeling DNA and RNA samples.

The isotope 26P has a halo nucleus (1-proton Halo).

The standard atomic mass of phosphorus is 30.973761998(5) u.

 

Isotope Table: Phosphorus

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Phosphorus isotopes. Further information on the individual Phosphorus isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Phosphorus-242415P9(1+)
Phosphorus-252515P1025.02119(43) u
[25.0129614 u]
{19.73836 MeV}		(1/2+)
Phosphorus-262615P1126.01178(21) u
[26.0035514 u]
{10.973 MeV}		(3)+
Phosphorus-272715P1226.999224(28) u
[26.9909954 u]
{-0.72284 MeV}		1/2+
Phosphorus-282815P1327.9923266(12) u
[27.984098 u]
{-7.14773 MeV}		3+28S
Phosphorus-292915P1428.9818004(4) u
[28.9735718 u]
{-16.95282 MeV}		1/2+29S
31Ar
Phosphorus-303015P1529.97831349(7) u
[29.9700849 u]
{-20.20085 MeV}		1+30S
31Cl
Phosphorus-313115P1630.973761998(5) u
[30.9655334 u]
{-24.44054 MeV}		1/2+31S
31Si
32Cl
Phosphorus-323215P1731.97390764(4) u
[31.965679 u]
{-24.30488 MeV}		1+32Si
Phosphorus-333315P1832.9717257(12) u
[32.9634971 u]
{-26.33734 MeV}		1/2+33Si
Phosphorus-343415P1933.9736459(9) u
[33.9654173 u]
{-24.54869 MeV}		1+34Si
Phosphorus-353515P2034.9733140(20) u
[34.9650854 u]
{-24.85785 MeV}		1/2+35Si
36Si
Phosphorus-363615P2135.978260(14) u
[35.9700314 u]
{-20.25068 MeV}		4-36Si
37Si
Phosphorus-373715P2236.97961(4) u
[36.9713814 u]
{-18.99316 MeV}		(1/2+)
Phosphorus-383815P2337.98430(8) u
[37.9760714 u]
{-14.62446 MeV}		(2-)
Phosphorus-393915P2438.98629(12) u
[38.9780614 u]
{-12.77078 MeV}		(1/2+)
Phosphorus-404015P2539.99129(16) u
[39.9830614 u]
{-8.11331 MeV}		(2-,3-)
Phosphorus-414115P2640.99465(13) u
[40.9864214 u]
{-4.98349 MeV}		(1/2+)41Si
42Si
Phosphorus-424215P2742.00108(34) u
[41.9928514 u]
{1.00601 MeV}
Phosphorus-434315P2843.00502(60) u
[42.9967914 u]
{4.6761 MeV}		1/2+
Phosphorus-444415P2944.01122(54) u
[44.0029914 u]
{10.45136 MeV}
Phosphorus-454515P3045.01675(54) u
[45.0085214 u]
{15.60252 MeV}		1/2+
Phosphorus-464615P3146.02466(75) u
[46.0164314 u]
{22.97064 MeV}

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
P-24- ungelistet -AL
P-2530 nsp → 24Si100 %15.910 MeVAL
P-2643.7(6) msEC/β+ → 26Si
β+, p → 25Al
β+, 2p → 24Mg		61.04 %
36.8 %
2.16 %		18.11398 MeV
12.600 MeV
10.329 MeV		AL
P-27260(80) msEC/β+ → 27Si
β+, p → 26Al		99.93 %
0.07 %		11.6685 MeV
4.204 MeV		AL
P-28270.3(5) msEC/β+ → 28Si
ε, p → 27Al
ε, α → 24Mg		99.998 %
0.0013 %
0.00086 %		14.34374 MeV
2.749 MeV
4.350 MeV		AL
P-294.142(15) sEC/β+ → 29Si100 %4.94246 MeVAL
P-302.498(4) minEC/β+ → 30Si100 %4.23211(7) MeVAL
P-31stableAL
P-3214.268(5) dβ- → 32S100 %1.71066(4) MeVAL
P-3325.35(11) dβ- → 33S100 %0.2485(11) MeVAL
P-3412.43(10) sβ- → 34S100 %5.3830(8) MeVAL
P-3547.3(8) sβ- → 35S100 %3.9884(19) MeVAL
P-365.6(3) sβ- → 36S100 %10.413(13) MeVAL
P-372.31(13) sβ- → 37S100 %7.90(4) MeVAL
P-380.64(14) sβ- → 38S
β-, n → 37S		88(5) %
12(5) %		12.218 MeV
4.1823 MeV		AL
P-390.28(4) sβ- → 39S
β-, n → 38S		74(8) %
26(8) %		10.36718 MeV
5.9947 MeV		AL
P-40150(8) msβ- → 40S
β-, n → 39S
β-, 2n → 38S		84.2(21) %
15.8(21) %
?		14.85592 MeV
7.0166 MeV
AL
P-41101(5) msβ- → 41S
β-, n → 40S		70(10) %
30(10) %		14.10898 MeV
9.8793 MeV		AL
P-4248.5(15) msβ- → 42S
β-, n → 41S
β-, 2n → 40S		50 %
50(20) %
?		18.68724 MeV
12.027 MeV
AL
P-4336.5(15) msβ- → 43S
β-, n → 42S
β-, 2n → 41S

?		16.7501 MeV
14.286 MeV
AL
P-4418.5(25) msβ- → 44S
β-, n → 43S		?
?		19.65(50) MeV
14.57(50) MeV		AL
P-45200 nsβ- → 45S?19.59(115) MeVAL
P-46β- → 46S100 %22.63(86) MeVAL

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Phosphorus isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Phosphorus isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Phosphorus nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
31P
100 %
1/2+		+ 1,130925(5)10,841
{}		17,25150,06652
0,4052

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Phosphorus radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
P-32105 Bq1000 Bq/g10 TBq100 Bq/cm214.3 d
P-33108 Bq1000 Bq/g200 TBq100 Bq/cm225.4 d

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Phosphorus nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Phosphorus: NMR properties - 31P-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

 

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