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Isotopes of Polonium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Polonium.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Polonium isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element polonium are summarized under polonium isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 84 protons and, in the uncharged state, 84 electrons. The difference between each polonium isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

 

The known nuclides of the chemical element polonium are all unstable and therefore radioactive; the artificial nuclide polonium-209 has the longest lifetime with a half-life of 103 years.

Natural polonium deposits consist of 99.998% of the isotope 210Po; in addition, the isotopes Po-211, 212, 214, 215, 216 and 218 occur in traces.

209Po and 208Po are replaced by α-proton or deuteron bombardment of lead or bismuth in a cyclotron.

 

Isotope Table: Polonium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Polonium isotopes. Further information on the individual Polonium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Polonium-18618684Po102186.004403(20) u
[185.9583277 u]
{4.10137 MeV}		0+
Polonium-18718784Po103187.00304(3) u
[186.9569647 u]
{2.83174 MeV}		(1/2-,5/2-)
Polonium-18818884Po104187.999416(21) u
[187.9533407 u]
{-0.54399 MeV}		0+
Polonium-18918984Po105188.998473(24) u
[188.9523977 u]
{-1.42239 MeV}		(5/2-)
Polonium-19019084Po106189.995101(14) u
[189.9490257 u]
{-4.56339 MeV}		0+
Polonium-19119184Po107190.994558(8) u
[190.9484827 u]
{-5.06919 MeV}		(3/2-)195Rn
Polonium-191m191m84Po107190.994558(8) u
[190.9484827 u]
{-5.06919 MeV}		(13/2+)
Polonium-19219284Po108191.991336(12) u
[191.9452607 u]
{-8.07046 MeV}		0+196Rn
Polonium-192m192m84Po108191.991336(12) u
[191.9452607 u]
{-8.07046 MeV}		(11-)
Polonium-19319384Po109192.991062(16) u
[192.9449867 u]
{-8.32569 MeV}		(3/2-)197Rn
Polonium-193m193m84Po109192.991062(16) u
[192.9449867 u]
{-8.32569 MeV}		(13/2+)
Polonium-19419484Po110193.988186(14) u
[193.9421107 u]
{-11.00467 MeV}		0+198Rn
Polonium-194m194m84Po110193.988186(14) u
[193.9421107 u]
{-11.00467 MeV}		(11-)
Polonium-19519584Po111194.98813(4) u
[194.9420547 u]
{-11.05683 MeV}		(3/2-)199Rn
Polonium-195m195m84Po111194.98813(4) u
[194.9420547 u]
{-11.05683 MeV}		(13/2+)
Polonium-19619684Po112195.985536(15) u
[195.9394607 u]
{-13.47313 MeV}		0+200Rn
Polonium-196m196m84Po112195.985536(15) u
[195.9394607 u]
{-13.47313 MeV}		11-
Polonium-19719784Po113196.98566(5) u
[196.9395847 u]
{-13.35762 MeV}		(3/2-)201Rn
197At
Polonium-197m197m84Po113196.98566(5) u
[196.9395847 u]
{-13.35762 MeV}		(13/2+)
Polonium-19819884Po114197.983389(19) u
[197.9373137 u]
{-15.47305 MeV}		0+202Rn
Polonium-198m1198m184Po114197.983389(19) u
[197.9373137 u]
{-15.47305 MeV}		11-
Polonium-198m2198m284Po114197.983389(19) u
[197.9373137 u]
{-15.47305 MeV}		12+
Polonium-19919984Po115198.983673(19) u
[198.9375977 u]
{-15.2085 MeV}		(3/2-)203Rn
Polonium-199m199m84Po115198.983673(19) u
[198.9375977 u]
{-15.2085 MeV}		(13/2+)
Polonium-20020084Po116199.981812(8) u
[199.9357367 u]
{-16.94201 MeV}		0+204Rn
200At
Polonium-20120184Po117200.982264(5) u
[200.9361887 u]
{-16.52098 MeV}		3/2-205Rn
201At
Polonium-201m201m84Po117200.982264(5) u
[200.9361887 u]
{-16.52098 MeV}		13/2+
Polonium-20220284Po118201.980739(9) u
[201.9346637 u]
{-17.94151 MeV}		0+206Rn
202At
Polonium-20320384Po119202.981416(9) u
[202.9353407 u]
{-17.31088 MeV}		5/2-207Rn
203At
Polonium-203m1203m184Po119202.981416(9) u
[202.9353407 u]
{-17.31088 MeV}		13/2+
Polonium-203m2203m284Po119202.981416(9) u
[202.9353407 u]
{-17.31088 MeV}
Polonium-20420484Po120203.980310(12) u
[203.9342347 u]
{-18.34112 MeV}		0+208Rn
204At
Polonium-204m204m84Po120203.980310(12) u
[203.9342347 u]
{-18.34112 MeV}		8+
Polonium-20520584Po121204.981190(11) u
[204.9351147 u]
{-17.5214 MeV}		5/2-209Rn
205At
Polonium-205m1205m184Po121204.981190(11) u
[204.9351147 u]
{-17.5214 MeV}		1/2-
Polonium-205m2205m284Po121204.981190(11) u
[204.9351147 u]
{-17.5214 MeV}		13/2+
Polonium-205m3205m384Po121204.981190(11) u
[204.9351147 u]
{-17.5214 MeV}		19/2-
Polonium-205m4205m484Po121204.981190(11) u
[204.9351147 u]
{-17.5214 MeV}		29/2-
Polonium-20620684Po122205.980474(4) u
[205.9343987 u]
{-18.18835 MeV}		0+210Rn
206At
Polonium-206m1206m184Po122205.980474(4) u
[205.9343987 u]
{-18.18835 MeV}		8+
Polonium-206m2206m284Po122205.980474(4) u
[205.9343987 u]
{-18.18835 MeV}		9-
Polonium-20720784Po123206.981593(7) u
[206.9355177 u]
{-17.14601 MeV}		5/2-211Rn
207At
Polonium-207m1207m184Po123206.981593(7) u
[206.9355177 u]
{-17.14601 MeV}		1/2-
Polonium-207m2207m284Po123206.981593(7) u
[206.9355177 u]
{-17.14601 MeV}		13/2+
Polonium-207m3207m384Po123206.981593(7) u
[206.9355177 u]
{-17.14601 MeV}		19/2-
Polonium-20820884Po124207.9812456(19) u
[207.9351703 u]
{-17.46961 MeV}		0+212Rn
208At
Polonium-208m208m84Po124207.9812456(19) u
[207.9351703 u]
{-17.46961 MeV}		8+
Polonium-20920984Po125208.9824304(19) u
[208.9363551 u]
{-16.36598 MeV}		1/2-213Rn
209At
Polonium-209m209m84Po125208.9824303(19) u
[208.936355 u]
{-16.36607 MeV}		31/2-
Polonium-21021084Po126209.9828736(12) u
[209.9367983 u]
{-15.95314 MeV}		0+214Rn
210At
210Bi
Polonium-210m210m84Po126209.9828736(12) u
[209.9367983 u]
{-15.95314 MeV}		16+
Polonium-21121184Po127210.9866531(13) u
[210.9405778 u]
{-12.43256 MeV}		9/2+215Rn
211At
211Bi
Polonium-211m1211m184Po127210.9866531(13) u
[210.9405778 u]
{-12.43256 MeV}		(25/2+)
Polonium-211m2211m284Po127210.9866531(13) u
[210.9405778 u]
{-12.43256 MeV}		(31/2-)
Polonium-211m3211m384Po127210.9866531(13) u
[210.9405778 u]
{-12.43256 MeV}		(43/2+)
Polonium-21221284Po128211.9888679(12) u
[211.9427926 u]
{-10.36948 MeV}		0+216Rn
212Bi
Polonium-212m212m84Po128211.9888679(12) u
[211.9427926 u]
{-10.36948 MeV}		(18+)
Polonium-21321384Po129212.992857(3) u
[212.9467817 u]
{-6.65366 MeV}		9/2+217Rn
213Bi
Polonium-21421484Po130213.9952012(16) u
[213.9491259 u]
{-4.47005 MeV}		0+218Rn
214Bi
Polonium-21521584Po131214.9994185(23) u
[214.9533432 u]
{-0.54166 MeV}		9/2+219Rn
215Bi
Polonium-21621684Po132216.0019135(19) u
[215.9558382 u]
{1.78241 MeV}		0+220Rn
216Bi
Polonium-21721784Po133217.006316(7) u
[216.9602407 u]
{5.88332 MeV}		(9/2+)221Rn
217Bi
Polonium-21821884Po134218.0089712(21) u
[217.9628959 u]
{8.35662 MeV}		0+222Rn
218Bi
Polonium-21921984Po135219.013614(17) u
[218.9675387 u]
{12.68136 MeV}		(9/2+)
Polonium-22022084Po136220.016386(19) u
[219.9703107 u]
{15.26346 MeV}		0+
Polonium-22122184Po137221.021228(21) u
[220.9751527 u]
{19.77375 MeV}
Polonium-22222284Po138222.02414(4) u
[221.9780647 u]
{22.48627 MeV}		0+
Polonium-22322384Po139223.02907(21) u
[222.9829947 u]
{27.07853 MeV}
Polonium-22422484Po140224.03211(21) u
[223.9860347 u]
{29.91027 MeV}		0+
Polonium-22522584Po141225.03707(32) u
[224.9909947 u]
{34.53048 MeV}
Polonium-22622684Po142226.04031(43) u
[225.9942347 u]
{37.54852 MeV}		0+
Polonium-22722784Po143227.04539(43) u
[226.9993147 u]
{42.28051 MeV}

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Po-18628 μsα → 182Pb~ 100 %8.501(14) MeV
Po-1871.40(25) msα → 183Pb~100 %7.979(15) MeVAL
Po-1880.27(3) msα → 184Pb~100 %8.082(15) MeVAL
Po-1893.5(5) msα → 185Pb~100 %7.694(15) MeVAL
Po-1902.46(5) msα → 186Pb100 %7.693(7) MeVAL
Po-19122(1) msα → 187Pb99.0(10) %7.493(5) MeVAL
Po-191m93(3) msα → 187Pb96(4) %AL
Po-19232.2(3) msα → 188Pb
EC/β+ → 192Bi		ca. 99.5 %
ca. 0.5 %		7.230(3) MeV
5.46(3) MeV		AL
Po-192m0.58(10) μsIso → 192Po100 %
Po-1930.399(34) sα → 189Pb≤ 100 %7.094(4) MeVAL
Po-193m245(22) msα → 189Pb≤ 100 %AL
Po-1940.392(4) sα → 190Pb
EC/β+ → 194Bi		ca. 100 %
?		6.987(3) MeV
5.024(14) MeV		AL
Po-194m15(2) μs
Po-1954.64(9) sα → 191Pb
EC/β+ → 195Bi		94(4) %
6(4) %		6.7499(28) MeV
6.97(4) MeV		AL
Po-195m1.92(2) sα → 191Pb
EC/β+ → 195Bi
Iso → 195Po		ca. 90 %
ca. 10 %
< 0.01 %

AL
Po-1965.8(2) sα → 192Pb
EC/β+ → 196Bi		ca. 98 %
ca. 2 %		6.6581(24) MeV
4.536(28) MeV		AL
Po-196m856(17) nsIso → 196Po
Po-19784(16) sα → 193Pb
EC/β+ → 197Bi		44(7) %
56(7) %		6.412(3) MeV
6.33(5) MeV		AL
Po-197m32(2) sα → 193Pb
EC/β+ → 197Bi
Iso → 197Po		84(9) %
16(9) %
0.01 %

AL
Po-1981.760(24) minα → 194Pb
EC/β+ → 198Bi		57(2) %
43(2) %		6.3097(14) MeV
3.90(3) MeV		AL
Po-198m1200(20) ns
Po-198m20.75(5) μs
Po-1995.47(15) minα → 195Pb
EC/β+ → 199Bi		7.5(3) %
92.5(3) %		6.0743(19) MeV
5.589(21) MeV		AL
Po-199m4.17(5) minα → 195Pb
EC/β+ → 199Bi
Iso → 199Po		24(1) %
73.5(10) %
2.5(10) %

AL
Po-20011.51(8) minα → 196Pb
EC/β+ → 200Bi		11.1(3) %
88.9(3) %		5.9816(18) MeV
3.429(24) MeV		AL
Po-20115.6(1) minα → 197Pb
EC/β+ → 201Bi		1.13(3) %
98.87(3) %		5.7993(17) MeV
4.895(16) MeV		AL
Po-201m8.96(12) minα → 197Pb
EC/β+ → 201Bi
Iso → 201Po		2.4(5) %
41.4(7) %
56.2(12) %

AL
Po-20244.6(4) minα → 198Pb
EC/β+ → 202Bi		1.92(7) %
98.08(7) %		5.7010(17) MeV
2.800(18) MeV		AL
Po-20336.7(5) minα → 199Pb
EC/β+ → 203Bi		0.11(2) %
99.89(2) %		5.496(5) MeV
4.214(15) MeV		AL
Po-203m145(2) sIso → 203Po
EC/β+ → 203Bi		ca. 100 %
?
AL
Po-203m2200 ns
Po-2043.519(12) hα → 200Pb
EC/β+ → 204Bi		0.67(3) %
99.33(3) %		5.4849(14) MeV
2.305(14) MeV		AL
Po-204m
Po-2051.74(8) hα → 201Pb
EC/β+ → 205Bi		0.04(1) %
99.96(1) %		5.325(10) MeV
3.544(11) MeV		AL
Po-205m1310(60) ns
Po-205m20.645(20) msIso → 205Po100 %AL
Po-205m357.4(9) msIso → 205Po100 %AL
Po-205m4115(10) ns
Po-2068.8(1) dα → 202Pb
EC/β+ → 206Bi		5.45(5) %
94.55(5) %		5.3270(13) MeV
1.840(9) MeV		AL
Po-206m1232(4) ns
Po-206m21.05(6) μs
Po-2075.80(2) hα → 203Pb
EC/β+ → 207Bi		0.021(2) %
99.979(2) %		5.2159(25) MeV
2.909(7) MeV		AL
Po-207m1205(10) ns
Po-207m249(4) μs
Po-207m32.79(8) sIso → 207Po100 %AL
Po-2082.898(2) aα → 204Pb
EC/β+ → 208Bi		99.9960(4) %
0.0040(4) %		5.2154(13) MeV
1.4006(29) MeV		AL
Po-208m350(20) ns
Po-209124(3) aα → 205Pb
EC/β+ → 209Bi		99.546(7) %
0.454(7) %		4.9792(14) MeV
1.8926(22) MeV		AL
Po-209n119(4) ns
Po-210138.376(2) dα → 206Pb100 %5.40753(7) MeVAL
Po-210m263(5) ns
Po-2110.516(3) sα → 207Pb100 %7.5946(5) MeVAL
Po-211m125.2(6) sα → 207Pb
Iso → 211Po		99.984(4) %
0.016(4) %
AL
Po-211m2243(21) nsIso → 211Po100 %
Po-211m32.8(7) μsIso → 211Po100 %
Po-2120.299(2) μsα → 208Pb100 %8.95420(11) MeVAL
Po-212m45.1(6) sα → 208Pb
Iso → 212Po		99.93(2) %
0.07(2) %
AL
Po-2133.72(2) μsα → 209Pb100 %8.5361(26) MeVAL
Po-214164.3(20) μsα → 210Pb100 %7.83354(6) MeVAL
Po-2151.781(4) msα → 211Pb
β- → 215At		99.99977(2) %
0.00023(2) %		7.5263(8) MeV
0.714(7) MeV		AL
Po-2160.145(2) sα → 212Pb100 %6.9063(5) MeVAL
Po-2171.53(5) sα → 213Pb
β- → 217At		> 95 %
< 5 %		6.6621(23) MeV
1.489(8) MeV		AL
Po-2183.097(12) minα → 214Pb
β- → 218At		99.980(2) %
0.020(2) %		6.11475(9) MeV
0.256(12) MeV		AL
Po-219620(59) sβ- → 219At
α → 215Pb		71.8(20) %
28.2(20) %		2.285(16) MeV
5.91(5) MeV		AL
Po-220300 nsβ- → 220At?0.888(23) MeVAL
Po-221112 sβ- → 221At?2.991(24) MeVAL
Po-222550(430) sβ- ? AL
Po-223300 nsβ- → 223At?3.65(20) MeVAL
Po-224300 nsβ- → 224At?2.2(2) MeVAL
Po-225300 nsβ- → 225At?4.14(42) MeVAL
Po-226300 nsβ- → 226At?2.93(50) MeVAL
Po-227300 nsβ- → 227At?4.8(5) MeVAL

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Polonium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Polonium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Polonium nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
209Po
Spuren
1/2-		+ 0,68(8)7,4
{}		11,70,02096
0,2757

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Polonium radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Po-203106 Bq1 Bq cm-21 Bq/cm236.7 min
Po-205106 Bq10 Bq/g1 Bq cm-21.7 h
Po-206106 Bq10 Bq/g8.8 d
Po-207106 Bq10 Bq/g1 Bq cm-25.8 h
Po-208104 Bq1 Bq/g2.9 a
Po-209104 Bq1 Bq/g102.0 a
Po-210104 Bq1 Bq/g0,06 TBq1 Bq cm-2138.4 d

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Polonium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Polonium: NMR properties - 209Po-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - C. Fry, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of the thallium, lead, bismuth, and polonium isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2013), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2012.01.005.

 

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