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Isotopes of Rhenium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Rhenium.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Rhenium isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element rhenium are summarized under rhenium isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 75 protons and, in the uncharged state, 75 electrons. The difference between each rhenium isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

 

Naturally Occurring Rhenium Isotopes

Natural terrestrial rhenium deposits consist of the two isotopes rhenium-185 (stable) and rhenium-187 (unstable) and are composed as follows:

Atomic Mass maQuantityHalf-lifeSpin
Rhenium
Isotopic mixture		186,207 u100 %
Isotope 185Re184,952955(8) u37,40(5) %stable5/2+
Isotope 187Re186,95575(1) u62,60(5) %4.33(7) × 1010 a5/2+

 

All other rhenium nuclides known and characterized so far are unstable.

The radioactive decay of the radionuclide rhenium-187 to the osmium isotope 187Os forms the basis for radiometric rhenium-osmium dating, which is used in particular in geology.

 

Isotope Table: Rhenium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Rhenium isotopes. Further information on the individual Rhenium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Rhenium-15015075Re84158.98417(33) u
[158.9430307 u]
{-14.74555 MeV}		(1/2+)
Rhenium-16016075Re85159.98203(32) u
[159.9408907 u]
{-16.73895 MeV}		(2-)
Rhenium-16116175Re86160.97763(16) u
[160.9364907 u]
{-20.83752 MeV}		1/2+165Ir
Rhenium-161m161m75Re86160.97763(16) u
[160.9364907 u]
{-20.83752 MeV}		11/2-
Rhenium-16216275Re87161.97584(21) u
[161.9347007 u]
{-22.5049 MeV}		(2-)166Ir
Rhenium-162m162m75Re87161.97584(21) u
[161.9347007 u]
{-22.5049 MeV}		(9+)
Rhenium-16316375Re88162.972085(20) u
[162.9309457 u]
{-26.00266 MeV}		1/2+167Ir
Rhenium-163m163m75Re88162.972085(20) u
[162.9309457 u]
{-26.00266 MeV}		11/2-
Rhenium-16416475Re89163.97051(6) u
[163.9293707 u]
{-27.46976 MeV}		168Ir
Rhenium-16516575Re90164.967085(25) u
[164.9259457 u]
{-30.66013 MeV}		(1/2+)169Ir
165Os
Rhenium-165m165m75Re90164.967085(25) u
[164.9259457 u]
{-30.66013 MeV}		(11/2-)
Rhenium-16616675Re91165.96576(8) u
[165.9246207 u]
{-31.89435 MeV}		170Ir
Rhenium-16716775Re92166.96261(4) u
[166.9214707 u]
{-34.82856 MeV}		(9/2-)171Ir
167Os
Rhenium-167m167m75Re92166.96261(4) u
[166.9214707 u]
{-34.82856 MeV}
Rhenium-16816875Re93167.96157(3) u
[167.9204307 u]
{-35.79731 MeV}		(7+)172Ir
Rhenium-16916975Re94168.958766(12) u
[168.9176267 u]
{-38.40922 MeV}		(9/2-)173Ir
Rhenium-169m169m75Re94168.958766(12) u
[168.9176267 u]
{-38.40922 MeV}		(5/2+,3/2+)
Rhenium-17017075Re95169.958225(25) u
[169.9170857 u]
{-38.91316 MeV}		(5+)174Ir
170Os
Rhenium-17117175Re96170.95572(3) u
[170.9145807 u]
{-41.24655 MeV}		(9/2-)175Ir
171Os
Rhenium-17217275Re97171.95541(4) u
[171.9142707 u]
{-41.53532 MeV}		(5+)176Ir
172Os
Rhenium-172m172m75Re97171.95541(4) u
[171.9142707 u]
{-41.53532 MeV}		(2)
Rhenium-17317375Re98172.95324(3) u
[172.9121007 u]
{-43.55666 MeV}		(5/2-)177Ir
173Os
Rhenium-17417475Re99173.95311(3) u
[173.9119707 u]
{-43.67775 MeV}		174Os
Rhenium-17517575Re100174.95138(3) u
[174.9102407 u]
{-45.28924 MeV}		(5/2-)175Os
Rhenium-17617675Re101175.95162(3) u
[175.9104807 u]
{-45.06568 MeV}		(3+)176Os
Rhenium-17717775Re102176.95033(3) u
[176.9091907 u]
{-46.26731 MeV}		5/2-177Os
Rhenium-17817875Re103177.95099(3) u
[177.9098507 u]
{-45.65252 MeV}		(3+)178Os
Rhenium-17917975Re104178.949990(26) u
[178.9088507 u]
{-46.58401 MeV}		5/2+179Os
Rhenium-179m179m75Re104178.949990(26) u
[178.9088507 u]
{-46.58401 MeV}		(47/2,49/2+)
Rhenium-18018075Re105179.950792(23) u
[179.9096527 u]
{-45.83696 MeV}		(1)-180Os
Rhenium-18118175Re106180.950062(13) u
[180.9089227 u]
{-46.51695 MeV}		5/2+181Os
Rhenium-18218275Re107181.95121(11) u
[181.9100707 u]
{-45.44759 MeV}		7+182Os
Rhenium-182m182m75Re107181.95121(11) u
[181.9100707 u]
{-45.44759 MeV}		2+
Rhenium-18318375Re108182.950821(9) u
[182.9096817 u]
{-45.80994 MeV}		5/2+183Os
Rhenium-183m183m75Re108182.950821(9) u
[182.9096817 u]
{-45.80994 MeV}		(25/2)+
Rhenium-18418475Re109183.952528(5) u
[183.9113887 u]
{-44.21988 MeV}		3(-)
Rhenium-184m184m75Re109183.952528(5) u
[183.9113887 u]
{-44.21988 MeV}		8(+)
Rhenium-18518575Re110184.952955(8) u
[184.9118157 u]
{-43.82214 MeV}		5/2+185Os
185W
Rhenium-18618675Re111185.9549892(9) u
[185.9138499 u]
{-41.92729 MeV}		1-
Rhenium-186m186m75Re111185.9549892(9) u
[185.9138499 u]
{-41.92729 MeV}		(8+)
Rhenium-18718775Re112186.95575(1) u
[186.9146107 u]
{-41.21861 MeV}		5/2+187W
Rhenium-18818875Re113187.9581137(8) u
[187.9169744 u]
{-39.01684 MeV}		1-188W
Rhenium-188m188m75Re113187.9581137(8) u
[187.9169744 u]
{-39.01684 MeV}		6-
Rhenium-18918975Re114188.959228(9) u
[188.9180887 u]
{-37.97887 MeV}		5/2+189W
Rhenium-19019075Re115189.96174(8) u
[189.9206007 u]
{-35.63896 MeV}		(2)-190W
Rhenium-190m190m75Re115189.96174(8) u
[189.9206007 u]
{-35.63896 MeV}		(6-)
Rhenium-19119175Re116190.963123(11) u
[190.9219837 u]
{-34.3507 MeV}		(3/2+,1/2+)
Rhenium-19219275Re117191.96609(8) u
[191.9249507 u]
{-31.58696 MeV}
Rhenium-192m1192m175Re117191.96609(8) u
[191.9249507 u]
{-31.58696 MeV}
Rhenium-192m2192m275Re117191.96609(8) u
[191.9249507 u]
{-31.58696 MeV}
Rhenium-19319375Re118192.96754(4) u
[192.9264007 u]
{-30.2363 MeV}		(5/2+)
Rhenium-19419475Re119193.97076(21) u
[193.9296207 u]
{-27.23688 MeV}
Rhenium-19519575Re120194.97254(32) u
[194.9314007 u]
{-25.57883 MeV}		(3/2-)
Rhenium-19619675Re121195.97580(32) u
[195.9346607 u]
{-22.54215 MeV}
Rhenium-19719775Re122196.97799(32) u
[196.9368507 u]
{-20.50218 MeV}
Rhenium-19819875Re123197.98160(43) u
[197.9404607 u]
{-17.13949 MeV}
Rhenium-19919975Re124198.98405(43) u
[198.9429107 u]
{-14.85733 MeV}

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Re-159AL
Re-1600.82 msα → 156Ta
p → 159W		9(5) %
91(5) %		6.698(4) MeV
AL
Re-1610.44(1) msα → 157Ta
p → 160W		≤ 1.4 %
≥ 98.6 %		6.328(7) MeV
AL
Re-161m14.7(3) msα → 157Ta
p → 160W		93.0(3) %
7.0(3) %
Re-162107(13) msα → 158Ta
EC/β+ → 162W		94(6) %
6(6) %		6.240(5) MeV
11.50(20) MeV		AL
Re-162m77(9) msα → 158Ta
EC/β+ → 162W		91(5) %
9(5) %		6.240 MeV
11.649 MeV
Re-163390(72) msα → 159Ta
EC/β+ → 163W		32(3) %
68(3) %		6.012(8) MeV
8.91(6) MeV		AL
Re-163m214(5) msα → 159Ta
EC/β+ → 163W		66(4) %
34(4) %
Re-1640.70(16) sα → 160Ta
EC/β+ → 164W		ca. 58 %
ca. 42 %		5.926(5) MeV
10.76(6) MeV		AL
Re-1651.6(6) sα → 161Ta
EC/β+ → 165W		14(8) %
86(8) %		5.694(6) MeV
8.20(3) MeV		AL
Re-165m1.74(6) sα → 161Ta
EC/β+ → 165W		13(1) %
87(1) %
Re-1662.25(21) sα → 162Ta
EC/β+ → 166W		< 24 %
> 76 %		5.46(5) MeV
9.99(7) MeV		AL
Re-1675.9(3) sα → 163Ta
EC/β+ → 167W		ca. 1 %
ca. 99 %		5.279(14) MeV
7.27(4) MeV		AL
Re-167m3.4(4) sα → 163Taca. 100 %
Re-1684.4(1) sα → 164Ta
EC/β+ → 168W		ca. 0.005 %
ca. 99.995 %		5.063(13) MeV
9.10(3) MeV		AL
Re-1698.1(5) sα → 165Ta
EC/β+ → 169W		< 0.01 %
> 99.9 %		5.014(14) MeV
6.509(19) MeV		AL
Re-169m15.1(15) sα → 165Ta
EC/β+ → 169W
Iso → 169Re		ca. 0.2 %
?
?
Re-1709.2(2) sEC/β+ → 170W~100 %8.378(27) MeVAL
Re-17115.2(4) sEC/β+ → 171W100 %5.84(4) MeVAL
Re-17215(3) sEC/β+ → 172W100 %7.56(5) MeVAL
Re-172m55(5) sEC/β+ → 172W100 %
Re-1731.98(26) minEC/β+ → 173W100 %5.17(4) MeVAL
Re-1742.40(4) minEC/β+ → 174W100 %6.55(4) MeVAL
Re-1755.89(5) minEC/β+ → 175W100 %4.34(4) MeVAL
Re-1765.3(3) minEC/β+ → 176W100 %5.58(4) MeVAL
Re-17714(1) minEC/β+ → 177W100 %3.43(4) MeVAL
Re-17813.2(2) minEC/β+ → 178W100 %4.75(3) MeVAL
Re-17919.5(1) minEC/β+ → 179W100 %2.711(29) MeVAL
Re-179m0.466(15) msIso → 179Re100 %
Re-1802.46(3) minEC/β+ → 180W100 %3.799(21) MeVAL
Re-18119.9(7) hEC/β+ → 181W100 %1.716(13) MeVAL
Re-18264.2(5) hEC/β+ → 182W100 %2.80(1) MeVAL
Re-182m14.14(45) hEC/β+ → 182W100 %
Re-18370.0(14) dEC → 183W100 %0.556(8) MeVAL
Re-183m1.04(4) msIso → 183Re100 %
Re-18435.4(7) dEC/β+ → 184W100 %1.486(4) MeVAL
Re-184m169(8) dEC → 184W
Iso → 184Re		25.5(8) %
74.5(8) %
Re-185stableAL
Re-1863.7185(5) dEC → 186W
β- → 186Os		7.50(10) %
92.50(10) %		0.5813(15) MeV
1.0727(8) MeV		AL
Re-186m200000 aIso → 186W100 %
Re-1874.33(7) × 1010 aβ- → 187Os
α → 183Ta		> 99.999 %
< 0.0001 %		2.467(2) MeV
1.6521(17) MeV		AL
Re-18817.005(3) hβ- → 188Os100 %2.12042(15) MeVAL
Re-188m18.59(4) minIso → 188Re100 %
Re-18924.3(4) hβ- → 189Os100 %1.008(8) MeVAL
Re-1903.1(3) minβ- → 190Os100 %3.07(7) MeVAL
Re-190m3.2(2) hβ- → 190Os
Iso → 190Re		54.4(20) %
45.6(20) %
Re-1919.8(5) minβ- → 191Os100 %2.045(10) MeVAL
Re-19216(1) sβ- → 192Os100 %4.29(7) MeVAL
Re-192m185(10) μsIso → 192Re100 %
Re-192m261 sIso → 192Re100 %
Re-193AL
Re-1945(1) sβ- → 194Os100 %5.2(2) MeVAL
Re-1956(1) sβ- → 195Os100 %3.93(30) MeVAL
Re-1963 sβ- → 196Os100 %5.73(30) MeV
Re-197160 nsβ- → 197Os?4.81(36) MeV
Re-198160 nsβ- → 198Os
β-, n → 197Os		?
?		6.70(45) MeV
0.10(45) MeV
Re-199160 nsβ- → 199Os
β-, n → 198Os		?
?		5.62(45) MeV
0.90(45) MeV

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Rhenium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Rhenium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Rhenium nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
185Re
37,40(5) %
5/2+		+ 3,1871(3)6,1057
{+ 2,18(2)}		9,71760,13870
2,6628
187Re
62,60(5) %
5/2+		+ 3,2197(3)6,1682
{+ 2,07(2)}		9,81700,14300
2,6900

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Rhenium radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Re-177106 Bq10 Bq/g14.0 min
Re-178106 Bq10 Bq/g13.2 min
Re-181106 Bq10 Bq/g19.9 h
Re-182106 Bq10 Bq/g64.0 h
Re-184106 Bq1 Bq/g0,08 TBq37.9 d
Re-184m106 Bq0,1 Bq/g168.0 d
Re-186106 Bq1000 Bq/g4 TBq100 Bq cm-290.0 h
Re-186m+107 Bq1 Bq/g190000 a
Re-187109 Bq1000 Bq/gUnbegrenzt (UL)4.4 × 1010 a
Re-188105 Bq100 Bq/g1 TBq10 Bq cm-217.0 h
Re-188m107 Bq100 Bq/g18.6 min
Re-189+106 Bq100 Bq/g24.3 h

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Rhenium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Rhenium: NMR properties - 185Re-NMR, 187Re-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - Christopher R. Pearce, Anthony S. Cohen, Ian J. Parkinson:
Quantitative Separation of Molybdenum and Rhenium from Geological Materials for Isotopic Determination by MC-ICP-MS.
In: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, (2009), DOI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2009.00012.x.

[10] - Christian A. Miller, Bernhard Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Lary Ball:
Precise determination of rhenium isotope composition by multi-collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
In: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, (2009), DOI 10.1039/B818631F.

[11] - R. Robinson, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of tantalum, rhenium, osmium, and iridium isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2012), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2011.09.003.

 

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