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Isotopes of Rhodium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Rhodium.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Rhodium isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element rhodium are summarized under rhodium isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 45 protons and, in the uncharged state, 45 electrons. The difference between each rhodium isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

 

Naturally Occurring Rhodium Isotopes

Only one isotope of rhodium occurs in nature: 103Rh, standard atomic mass 102.90550(2) u; it is one of the mononuclide elements.

 

All other known and characterized rhodium nuclides are unstable and have no meaning for technical applications.

 

Isotope Table: Rhodium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Rhodium isotopes. Further information on the individual Rhodium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Rhodium-898945Rh4488.95077(39) u
[88.9260852 u]
{-45.85745 MeV}		7/2+
Rhodium-909045Rh4589.94450(32) u
[89.9198152 u]
{-51.69792 MeV}
Rhodium-919145Rh4690.93712(32) u
[90.9124352 u]
{-58.57234 MeV}		(9/2+)
Rhodium-91m91m45Rh4690.93712(32) u
[90.9124352 u]
{-58.57234 MeV}		(1/2-)
Rhodium-929245Rh4791.932368(5) u
[91.9076832 u]
{-62.9988 MeV}		(6+)92Ru
Rhodium-92m92m45Rh4791.932368(5) u
[91.9076832 u]
{-62.9988 MeV}		(2+)
Rhodium-939345Rh4892.9259128(28) u
[92.901228 u]
{-69.01178 MeV}		(9/2+)93Pd
Rhodium-949445Rh4993.921730(4) u
[93.8970452 u]
{-72.90804 MeV}		(4+)94Pd
95Ag
Rhodium-94m94m45Rh4993.921730(4) u
[93.8970452 u]
{-72.90804 MeV}		(8+)
Rhodium-959545Rh5094.915898(4) u
[94.8912132 u]
{-78.34051 MeV}		9/2+95Pd
Rhodium-95m95m45Rh5094.915898(4) u
[94.8912132 u]
{-78.34051 MeV}		(1/2)-
Rhodium-969645Rh5195.914452(11) u
[95.8897672 u]
{-79.68745 MeV}		6+96Pd
Rhodium-96m96m45Rh5195.914452(11) u
[95.8897672 u]
{-79.68745 MeV}		3+
Rhodium-979745Rh5296.91133(4) u
[96.8866452 u]
{-82.59557 MeV}		9/2+97Pd
98Ag
Rhodium-97m97m45Rh5296.91133(4) u
[96.8866452 u]
{-82.59557 MeV}		1/2-
Rhodium-989845Rh5397.910708(13) u
[97.8860232 u]
{-83.17496 MeV}		(2)+98Pd
Rhodium-98m98m45Rh5397.910708(13) u
[97.8860232 u]
{-83.17496 MeV}		(5+)
Rhodium-999945Rh5498.908125(7) u
[98.8834402 u]
{-85.58101 MeV}		1/2-99Pd
Rhodium-99m99m45Rh5498.908125(7) u
[98.8834402 u]
{-85.58101 MeV}		9/2+
Rhodium-10010045Rh5599.908114(19) u
[99.8834292 u]
{-85.59126 MeV}		1-100Pd
Rhodium-100m1100m145Rh5599.908114(19) u
[99.8834292 u]
{-85.59126 MeV}		(2)+
Rhodium-100m2100m245Rh5599.908114(19) u
[99.8834292 u]
{-85.59126 MeV}		(5+)
Rhodium-100m3100m345Rh5599.908114(19) u
[99.8834292 u]
{-85.59126 MeV}		(7+)
Rhodium-10110145Rh56100.906159(6) u
[100.8814742 u]
{-87.41233 MeV}		1/2-101Pd
Rhodium-101m101m45Rh56100.906159(6) u
[100.8814742 u]
{-87.41233 MeV}		9/2+
Rhodium-10210245Rh57101.906834(7) u
[101.8821492 u]
{-86.78357 MeV}		(2-)
Rhodium-102m102m45Rh57101.906834(7) u
[101.8821492 u]
{-86.78357 MeV}		6(+)
Rhodium-10310345Rh58102.90550(2) u
[102.8808152 u]
{-88.02618 MeV}		1/2-103Pd
103Ru
Rhodium-103m103m45Rh58102.90550(2) u
[102.8808152 u]
{-88.02618 MeV}		7/2+
Rhodium-10410445Rh59103.9066453(25) u
[103.8819605 u]
{-86.95934 MeV}		1+
Rhodium-104m104m45Rh59103.9066453(25) u
[103.8819605 u]
{-86.95934 MeV}		5+
Rhodium-10510545Rh60104.9056878(27) u
[104.881003 u]
{-87.85125 MeV}		7/2+105Ru
Rhodium-105m105m45Rh60104.9056878(27) u
[104.881003 u]
{-87.85125 MeV}		1/2-
Rhodium-10610645Rh61105.907286(6) u
[105.8826012 u]
{-86.36253 MeV}		1+106Ru
Rhodium-106m106m45Rh61105.907286(6) u
[105.8826012 u]
{-86.36253 MeV}		(6)+
Rhodium-10710745Rh62106.906748(13) u
[106.8820632 u]
{-86.86368 MeV}		7/2+107Ru
Rhodium-107m107m45Rh62106.906748(13) u
[106.8820632 u]
{-86.86368 MeV}		1/2-
Rhodium-10810845Rh63107.908715(15) u
[107.8840302 u]
{-85.03143 MeV}		1+108Ru
Rhodium-108m108m45Rh63107.908715(15) u
[107.8840302 u]
{-85.03143 MeV}		(5+)
Rhodium-10910945Rh64108.908749(4) u
[108.8840642 u]
{-84.99976 MeV}		7/2+109Ru
Rhodium-109m109m45Rh64108.908749(4) u
[108.8840642 u]
{-84.99976 MeV}		3/2+
Rhodium-11011045Rh65109.911080(19) u
[109.8863952 u]
{-82.82845 MeV}		(1+)
Rhodium-110m110m45Rh65109.911080(19) u
[109.8863952 u]
{-82.82845 MeV}		(6+)
Rhodium-11111145Rh66110.911643(7) u
[110.8869582 u]
{-82.30402 MeV}		(7/2+)111Ru
Rhodium-11211245Rh67111.91440(5) u
[111.8897152 u]
{-79.73589 MeV}		(1+)112Ru
Rhodium-112m112m45Rh67111.91440(5) u
[111.8897152 u]
{-79.73589 MeV}		(6+)
Rhodium-11311345Rh68112.915440(8) u
[112.8907552 u]
{-78.76713 MeV}		(7/2+)113Ru
Rhodium-11411445Rh69113.91872(8) u
[113.8940352 u]
{-75.71183 MeV}		1+114Ru
Rhodium-114m114m45Rh69113.91872(8) u
[113.8940352 u]
{-75.71183 MeV}		(7-)
Rhodium-11511545Rh70114.920311(8) u
[114.8956262 u]
{-74.22983 MeV}		(7/2+)115Ru
Rhodium-11611645Rh71115.92406(8) u
[115.8993752 u]
{-70.73765 MeV}		1+
Rhodium-116m116m45Rh71115.92406(8) u
[115.8993752 u]
{-70.73765 MeV}		(6-)
Rhodium-11711745Rh72116.926036(10) u
[116.9013512 u]
{-68.89702 MeV}		(7/2+)
Rhodium-11811845Rh73117.930340(26) u
[117.9056552 u]
{-64.88787 MeV}
Rhodium-11911945Rh74118.932557(10) u
[118.9078722 u]
{-62.82275 MeV}		(7/2+)
Rhodium-12012045Rh75119.93686(21) u
[119.9121752 u]
{-58.81453 MeV}
Rhodium-120m120m45Rh75119.93686(21) u
[119.9121752 u]
{-58.81453 MeV}
Rhodium-12112145Rh76120.93961(66) u
[120.9149252 u]
{-56.25292 MeV}
Rhodium-12212245Rh77121.94409(32) u
[121.9194052 u]
{-52.07983 MeV}
Rhodium-122m122m45Rh77121.94409(32) u
[121.9194052 u]
{-52.07983 MeV}
Rhodium-12312345Rh78122.94701(43) u
[122.9223252 u]
{-49.35987 MeV}
Rhodium-12412445Rh79123.95181(43) u
[123.9271252 u]
{-44.8887 MeV}
Rhodium-12512545Rh80124.95491(54) u
[124.9302252 u]
{-42.00106 MeV}
Rhodium-12612645Rh81125.95996(54) u
[125.9352752 u]
{-37.29702 MeV}
Rhodium-12712745Rh82126.96347(64) u
[126.9387852 u]
{-34.02748 MeV}

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Rh-89120 nsEC/β+ → 89Ru
EC, p → 88Tc
p → 88Ru		?
?
?		12.40(47) MeV

AL
Rh-90150 nsAL
Rh-911.47(22) sEC/β+ → 91Ru
β+, p → 90Tc		98.7 %
1.3(5) %		9.67(30) MeV
AL
Rh-91m1.46(11) sEC/β+ → 91Ru
Iso → 91Rh		?
?
Rh-924.66(25) sEC/β+ → 92Ru
β+, p → 91Tc		98.1 %
1.9(1) %		11.302(5) MeV
AL
Rh-92m0.53(37) sEC/β+ → 92Ru100 %
Rh-9312.2(7) sEC/β+ → 93Ru100 %8.205(3) MeVAL
Rh-9470.6(6) sEC/β+ → 94Ru
ε, p → 93Tc		98.2(5) %
1.8(5) %		9.676(5) MeV
AL
Rh-94m25.8(2) sEC/β+ → 94Ru100 %
Rh-955.02(10) minEC/β+ → 95Ru100 %5.117(10) MeVAL
Rh-95m1.96(4) minEC/β+ → 95Ru
Iso → 95Rh		12(5) %
88(5) %
Rh-969.90(10) minEC/β+ → 96Ru100 %6.393(10) MeVAL
Rh-96m1.51(2) minEC/β+ → 96Ru
Iso → 96Rh		40(5) %
60(5) %
Rh-9730.7(6) minEC/β+ → 97Ru100 %3.52(4) MeVAL
Rh-97m46.2(16) minEC/β+ → 97Ru
Iso → 97Rh		94.4(6) %
5.6(6) %
Rh-988.72(12) minEC/β+ → 98Ru100 %5.050(14) MeVAL
Rh-98m3.6(2) minEC/β+ → 98Ru
Iso → 98Rh		11(5) %
89(5) %
Rh-9916.1(2) dEC/β+ → 99Ru100 %2.044(7) MeVAL
Rh-99m4.7(1) hEC/β+ → 99Ru
Iso → 99Rh		> 99.84 %
< 0.16 %
Rh-10020.8(1) hEC/β+ → 100Ru100 %3.636(18) MeVAL
Rh-100m1214.0(20) ns
Rh-100m24.6(2) minEC/β+ → 100Ru
Iso → 100Rh		ca. 1.7 %
ca. 98.3 %
Rh-100m3130(10) ns
Rh-1013.3(3) aEC → 101Ru100 %0.546(6) MeVAL
Rh-101m4.34(1) dEC → 101Ru
Iso → 101Rh		92.80(25) %
7.20(25) %
Rh-102207.3(17) dEC/β+ → 102Ru
β- → 102Pd		78(5) %
22(5) %		2.323(6) MeV
1.120(6) MeV		AL
Rh-102m3.742(10) aEC/β+ → 103Ru
Iso → 102Rh		99.767(24) %
0.233(24) %
Rh-103stableAL
Rh-103m56.114(9) minIso → 103Rh100 %
Rh-10442.3(4) sEC/β+ → 104Ru
β- → 104Pd		0.45(10) %
99.55(10) %		1.136(3) MeV
2.4358(27) MeV		AL
Rh-104m4.34(3) minIso → 104Rh
β- → 104Pd		99.87(1) %
0.13(1) %
Rh-10535.36(6) hβ- → 105Pd100 %0.566(23) MeVAL
Rh-105m42.9(3) sIso → 105Rh100 %
Rh-10630.07(35) sβ- → 106Pd100 %3.545(5) MeVAL
Rh-106m131(2) minβ- → 106Pd100 %
Rh-10721.7(4) minβ- → 107Pd100 %1.5109(12) MeVAL
Rh-107m10 μs
Rh-10816.8(5) sβ- → 108Pd100 %4.492(14) MeVAL
Rh-108m6.0(3) minβ- → 108Pd
Iso → 108Rh		< 100 %
?
Rh-10980.8(7) sβ- → 109Pd100 %2.607(4) MeVAL
Rh-109m1.66(4) μs
Rh-1103.35(12) sβ- → 110Pd100 %5.502(18) MeVAL
Rh-110m28.0(13) sβ- → 110Pd100 %
Rh-11111(1) sβ- → 111Pd100 %3.681(7) MeVAL
Rh-1123.6(3) sβ- → 112Pd100 %6.59(4) MeVAL
Rh-112m6.76(12) sβ- → 112Pd100 %
Rh-1132.80(12) sβ- → 113Pd100 %4.824(10) MeVAL
Rh-1141.85(5) sβ- → 114Pd100 %7.78(7) MeVAL
Rh-114m1.85(5) sβ- → 114Pd100 %
Rh-1150.99(5) sβ- → 115Pd100 %6.197(15) MeVAL
Rh-1160.68(6) sβ- → 116Pd100 %9.10(7) MeVAL
Rh-116m0.57(5) sβ- → 116Pd100 %
Rh-1170.44(4) sβ- → 117Pd100 %7.527(11) MeVAL
Rh-118266 msβ- → 118Pd
β-, n → 117Pd		96.9(14) %
3.1(14) %		10.501(24) MeV
3.466(25) MeV		AL
Rh-119171(18) msβ- → 119Pd
β-, n → 118Pd		93.6(16) %
6.4(16) %		8.585(12) MeV
4.495(10) MeV		AL
Rh-120132 msβ- → 120Pd
β-, n → 119Pd		> 94.6 %
< 5.4 %		11.47(20) MeV
4.52(20) MeV		AL
Rh-120m0.294 μsIso → 120Rh100 %
Rh-121151 msβ- → 121Pd
β-, n → 120Pd		< 100 %
?		9.93(62) MeV
5.96(62) MeV		AL
Rh-122300 nsβ- → 122Pd
β-, n → 121Pd
β-, 2n → 120Pd		?
?
?		12.54(30) MeV
6.03(30) MeV
AL
Rh-122m0.82 μsIso → 122Rh100 %
Rh-12342(4) msβ- → 123Pd
β-, n → 122Pd
β-, 2n → 121Pd		100 %
?
?		11.07(88) MeV
7.18(40) MeV
AL
Rh-12430(2) msβ- → 124Pd
β-, n → 123Pd
β-, 2n → 122Pd		100 %
?
?		13.50(50) MeV
7.47(88) MeV
AL
Rh-12526.5(20) msβ- → 125Pd
β-, n → 124Pd
β-, 2n → 123Pd		100 %
?
?		12.12(64) MeV
8.32(58) MeV
AL
Rh-12619(3) msβ- → 126Pd
β-, n → 125Pd
β-, 2n → 124Pd		100 %
?
?		14.56(64) MeV
8.75(64) MeV
AL
Rh-12720 msβ- → 127Pd
β-, n → 126Pd
β-, 2n → 125Pd		100 %
?
?		13.15(78) MeV
9.76(72) MeV

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Rhodium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Rhodium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Rhodium nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
103Rh
100 %
1/2-		- 0,08829(3)- 0,8468
{}		1,34770,00003
0,0317

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Rhodium radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Rh-99106 Bq10 Bq/g16.1 d
Rh-99m106 Bq10 Bq/g4.7 h
Rh-100106 Bq10 Bq/g20.8 h
Rh-101107 Bq1 Bq/g0,3 TBq3.2 a
Rh-101m107 Bq100 Bq/g4.3 d
Rh-102106 Bq0,1 Bq/g0,03 TBq2.9 a
Rh-102m106 Bq1 Bq/g0,1 TBq219.0 d
Rh-103m108 Bq10000 Bq/g900 TBq100 Bq cm-256.1 min
Rh-105107 Bq100 Bq/g0,9 TBq10 Bq cm-235.4 h
Rh-106m105 Bq10 Bq/g2.2 h
Rh-107106 Bq100 Bq/g21.7 min

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Rhodium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Rhodium: NMR properties - 103Rh-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - John W. Arblaster:
The Discoverers of the Rhodium Isotopes.
In: Platinum Metals Review, (2011), DOI 10.1595/147106711X555656.

[10] - A. M. Parker, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of rubidium, strontium, molybdenum, and rhodium isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2012), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2012.06.001.

 

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