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Isotopes of Rutherfordium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Rutherfordium.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Rutherfordium isotopes

All of the atomic nuclei of the chemical element rutherfordium are summarized under rutherfordium isotopes; these consist of an atomic nucleus with 104 protons and in the uncharged state of 104 electrons. The difference between the individual rutherfordium isotopes lies in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Rutherfordium is a radioactive chemical element that can only be observed in radioactive decay processes or is artificially produced and is unknown in nature. The first rutherfordium isotope was produced in the 1960s at the research center in Dubna, Russia, by bombarding plutonium with neon nuclei.

To date, a total of 16 different rutherfordium isotopes have been produced or observed, all of which are extremely short-lived.

 

Isotope Table: Rutherfordium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Rutherfordium isotopes. Further information on the individual Rutherfordium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Rutherfordium-253253104Rf149253.10044(44) u
[253.0433966 u]
{93.55926 MeV}		(7/2+)
Rutherfordium-253m253m104Rf149253.10044(44) u
[253.0433966 u]
{93.55926 MeV}
Rutherfordium-254254104Rf150254.10005(30) u
[254.0430066 u]
{93.19597 MeV}		0+
Rutherfordium-255255104Rf151255.10127(12) u
[255.0442266 u]
{94.3324 MeV}		(9/2-)259Sg
Rutherfordium-256256104Rf152256.101152(19) u
[256.0441086 u]
{94.22248 MeV}		0+260Sg
Rutherfordium-256m1256m1104Rf152256.101152(19) u
[256.0441086 u]
{94.22248 MeV}		(5-)
Rutherfordium-256m2256m2104Rf152256.101152(19) u
[256.0441086 u]
{94.22248 MeV}		(8-)
Rutherfordium-256m3256m3104Rf152256.101152(19) u
[256.0441086 u]
{94.22248 MeV}
Rutherfordium-257257104Rf153257.102918(12) u
[257.0458746 u]
{95.8675 MeV}		(1/2+)261Sg
Rutherfordium-257m257m104Rf153257.102918(12) u
[257.0458746 u]
{95.8675 MeV}		(11/2-)
Rutherfordium-258258104Rf154258.10343(3) u
[258.0463866 u]
{96.34442 MeV}		0+
Rutherfordium-259259104Rf155259.10560(8) u
[259.0485566 u]
{98.36577 MeV}		263Sg
Rutherfordium-260260104Rf156260.10644(22) u
[260.0493966 u]
{99.14822 MeV}		0+
Rutherfordium-261261104Rf157261.10877(5) u
[261.0517266 u]
{101.3186 MeV}		265Sg
Rutherfordium-261m261m104Rf157261.10877(5) u
[261.0517266 u]
{101.3186 MeV}
Rutherfordium-262262104Rf158262.10993(24) u
[262.0528866 u]
{102.39914 MeV}		0+266Sg
Rutherfordium-263263104Rf159263.1125(2) u
[263.0554566 u]
{104.79308 MeV}
Rutherfordium-264264104Rf160
Rutherfordium-265265104Rf161265.11668(39) u
[265.0596366 u]
{108.68672 MeV}
Rutherfordium-266266104Rf162266.11817(50) u
[266.0611266 u]
{110.07465 MeV}		0+
Rutherfordium-267267104Rf163267.12179(62) u
[267.0647466 u]
{113.44665 MeV}		13/2-271Sg
Rutherfordium-268268104Rf164268.12397(77) u
[268.0669266 u]
{115.47731 MeV}		0+

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Rf-25311 (+3-6) msα → 249No
SF div		?
> 0 %		9.35(30) MeV
AL
Rf-253m48 (+17-10) μsα
SF 		?
< 100 %
AL
Rf-25423(3) μsSF div.
α → 250No		> 98.5 %
< 1.5 %
9.21(20) MeV		AL
Rf-2551.68(19) sα → 251No
SF → div.
EC/β+ → 255Lr		42(9) %
58(9) %
< 1 %		9.055(4) MeV

4.38(12) MeV		AL
Rf-2566.67(10) msα → 252No
SF → div		0.32(17) %
99.68(17) %		8.926(15) MeV
AL
Rf-256m125(2) μsIso → 256Rf
SF → div		?
?
Rf-256m217(2) μsIso → 256Rf
SF → div		?
?
Rf-256m327(5) μsIso → Rf256
SF → div		?
?
Rf-2574.4(3) sEC → 257Lr
SF → div.
α → 253No		19.4(14) %
1.3(3) %
79.3(14) %		3.20(5) MeV

9.083(8) MeV		AL
Rf-257m4.1(4) sEC → 257Lr
SF → div.
α → 253No		11(2) %
≤ 1.4 %
88(2) %

AL
Rf-25812.0(12) msα → 254No
SF → div		4.9(16) %
95.1(16) %		9.19(3) MeV
AL
Rf-2592.4(4) sα → 255No
SF → div.
EC → 259Lr		92(2) %
8(2) %
15(4) %		9.13(7) MeV

2.51(10) MeV		AL
Rf-26021(1) msSF div.≤ 100 %AL
Rf-26168(3) sα → 257No100 %8.65(5) MeVAL
Rf-261m1.9(4) sSF div.
α → 257No		73(6) %
27(6) %
AL
Rf-2622.3(4) sSF div.≤ 100 %AL
Rf-26310(2) minSF div.
α → 259No		?
30 %
8.25(15) MeV		AL
Rf-264- unknown -AL
Rf-2651.0 minSF div.~ 100 %AL
Rf-26623 sSF div.AL
Rf-2672.5 hSF div.~ 100 %AL
Rf-2681.4 sSF div.AL

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Rutherfordium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Rutherfordium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Rutherfordium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Rutherfordium: NMR properties

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - G. N. Flerov et al.:
Synthesis and physical identification of the isotope of element 104 with mass number 260.
In: Physics Letters, (1964), DOI 10.1016/0031-9163(64)90313-0.

[10] - A. Ghiorso, M. Nurmia, J. Harris, K. Eskola, P. Eskola:
Positive Identification of Two Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Element 104.
In: Physical Review Letters, (1969), DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.1317.

[11] - A. Ghiorso, M. Nurmia, K. Eskola, P. Eskola:
261Rf; new isotope of element 104.
In: Physics Letters B, (1970), DOI 10.1016/0370-2693(70)90595-2.

[12] - L. P. Somerville, M. J. Nurmia, J. M. Nitschke, A. Ghiorso:
Spontaneous fission of rutherfordium isotopes.
In: Physical Review C, (1975), DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.31.1801.

[13] - Yu. A. Lazarev et al.:
Decay properties of 257No, 261Rf, and 262Rf.
In: Physical Review C, (1996), DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.62.064307.

[14] - M. R. Lane et al.:
Spontaneous fission properties of 104262Rf.
In: Physical Review C, (1996), DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2893.

[15] - F. P. Heßberger et al.:
Spontaneous fission and alpha-decay properties of neutron deficient isotopes 257-253104 and 258106.
In: Zeitschrift für Physik A, (1997), DOI 10.1007/s002180050422.

[16] - J. M. Gates et al.:
Synthesis of rutherfordium isotopes in the 238U(26Mg, xn)264-xRf reaction and study of their decay properties.
In: Physical Review C, (2008), DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.77.034603.

 

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