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Isotopes of Scandium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Scandium.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Scandium isotopes

The chemical element scandium, which is one of the rare earth metals, occurs in nature only in the form of its stable isotope Sc-45. All other Sc isotopes are unstable and decay with half-lives of a few days (Sc-46, Sc-47) or much less.

About 100 core isomers of scandium are known, of which Sc-44m with a Half-life of 58.6 hours is the most long-lived.

The standard atomic mass of scandium is given as 44.955908(5) u.

 

Isotope Table: Scandium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Scandium isotopes. Further information on the individual Scandium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Scandium-363621Sc1536.01492(54) u
[36.0034 u]
{13.89789 MeV}
Scandium-373721Sc1637.00305(32) u
[36.99153 u]
{2.84106 MeV}		7/2
Scandium-383821Sc1737.99544(21) u
[37.98392 u]
{-4.24761 MeV}		(2-)
Scandium-38m38m21Sc1737.99544(21) u
[37.98392 u]
{-4.24761 MeV}
Scandium-393921Sc1838.984790(26) u
[38.97327 u]
{-14.16802 MeV}		(7/2-)43Cr
Scandium-404021Sc1939.977967(3) u
[39.966447 u]
{-20.52361 MeV}		4-40Ti
Scandium-414121Sc2040.96925110(9) u
[40.9577311 u]
{-28.64242 MeV}		7/2-41Ti
43Cr
Scandium-424221Sc2141.96551652(18) u
[41.9539966 u]
{-32.12115 MeV}		0+42Ti
Scandium-42m42m21Sc2141.96551652(18) u
[41.9539966 u]
{-32.12115 MeV}		7+
Scandium-434321Sc2242.9611505(20) u
[42.9496305 u]
{-36.18808 MeV}		7/2-43Ti
Scandium-43m143m121Sc2242.9611505(20) u
[42.9496305 u]
{-36.18808 MeV}		3/2+
Scandium-43m243m221Sc2242.9611505(20) u
[42.9496305 u]
{-36.18808 MeV}		(19/2)-
Scandium-444421Sc2343.9594029(19) u
[43.9478829 u]
{-37.81596 MeV}		2+44Ti
Scandium-44m144m121Sc2343.9594029(19) u
[43.9478829 u]
{-37.81596 MeV}		1-
Scandium-44m244m221Sc2343.9594029(19) u
[43.9478829 u]
{-37.81596 MeV}		0-
Scandium-44m344m321Sc2343.9594029(19) u
[43.9478829 u]
{-37.81596 MeV}		6+
Scandium-454521Sc2444.955908(5) u
[44.944388 u]
{-41.07143 MeV}		7/2-45Ca
45Ti
Scandium-45m45m21Sc2444.9559119(9) u
[44.9443919 u]
{-41.0678 MeV}		3/2+
Scandium-464621Sc2545.9551719(9) u
[45.9436519 u]
{-41.75711 MeV}		4+
Scandium-46m146m121Sc2545.9551719(9) u
[45.9436519 u]
{-41.75711 MeV}		6+
Scandium-46m246m221Sc2545.9551719(9) u
[45.9436519 u]
{-41.75711 MeV}		1-
Scandium-474721Sc2646.9524075(22) u
[46.9408875 u]
{-44.33213 MeV}		7/2-47Ca
Scandium-47m47m21Sc2646.9524075(22) u
[46.9408875 u]
{-44.33213 MeV}		(3/2)+
Scandium-484821Sc2747.952231(6) u
[47.940711 u]
{-44.49654 MeV}		6+
Scandium-494921Sc2848.950024(4) u
[48.938504 u]
{-46.55234 MeV}		7/2-49Ca
Scandium-505021Sc2949.952176(16) u
[49.940656 u]
{-44.54777 MeV}		5+50Ca
Scandium-50m50m21Sc2949.952176(16) u
[49.940656 u]
{-44.54777 MeV}		2+
Scandium-515121Sc3050.953592(21) u
[50.942072 u]
{-43.22877 MeV}		(7/2)-51Ca
Scandium-525221Sc3151.95658(9) u
[51.94506 u]
{-40.44547 MeV}		3(+)52Ca
Scandium-535321Sc3252.95823(10) u
[52.94671 u]
{-38.9085 MeV}		(7/2-)53Ca
Scandium-545421Sc3353.96362(29) u
[53.9521 u]
{-33.88775 MeV}		(3)+54Ca
Scandium-54m54m21Sc3353.96362(29) u
[53.9521 u]
{-33.88775 MeV}		(4,5)+
Scandium-555521Sc3454.96762(49) u
[54.9561 u]
{-30.16178 MeV}		(7/2-)55Ca
Scandium-565621Sc3555.97332(63) u
[55.9618 u]
{-24.85226 MeV}		(1+)56Ca
Scandium-575721Sc3656.97779(75) u
[56.96627 u]
{-20.68848 MeV}		7/2-~57Ca
Scandium-585821Sc3757.98403(43) u
[57.97251 u]
{-14.87596 MeV}		(3+)
Scandium-595921Sc3858.98922(97) u
[58.9777 u]
{-10.04151 MeV}		7/2-
Scandium-606021Sc3959.99571(97) u
[59.98419 u]
{-3.99611 MeV}		3+
Scandium-616121Sc4061.00100(64) u
[60.98948 u]
{0.93149 MeV}		7/2

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Sc-36p → 35CaAL
Sc-37p → 36CaAL
Sc-38300 nsp → 37Ca?0.900 MeVAL
Sc-38mp → 37CaAL
Sc-39300 nsp → 38Ca100 %AL
Sc-40182.3(7) msEC/β+ → 40Ca
EC, p 39K
EC, α → 36Ar		99.54 %
0.44 %
0.017 %		14.320(28) MeV
5.991 MeV
7.279 MeV		AL
Sc-41596.3(17) msEC/β+ → 41Ca6.49548(16) MeVAL
Sc-42680.79(28) msEC β+ → 42Ca100 %6.42609(22) MeVAL
Sc-42m61.7(4) sEC β+ → 42Ca100 %7.042 MeVAL
Sc-433.891(12) hEC/β+ → 43Ca100 %2.2207(19) MeVAL
Sc-43m1438(7) μsIso → 43Sc100 %AL
Sc-43m2472(4) nsAL
Sc-443.97(4) hEC β+ → 44Ca100 %3.6527(18) MeVAL
Sc-44m1154.8(8) nsAL
Sc-44m251.0(3) μsAL
Sc-44m358.61(10) hIso → 44Sc
EC β+ → 44Ca		98.80(7) %
1.20(7) %		0.271 MeV
3.924 MeV		AL
Sc-45stableAL
Sc-45m318(7) msIso → 45ScAL
Sc-4683.79(4) dβ- → 46Ti100 %2.3666(7) MeVAL
Sc-46m19.4(8) μsAL
Sc-46m218.75(4) sIso → 46Sc100 %AL
Sc-473.3492(6) dβ- → 47Ti100 %0.6008(19) MeVAL
Sc-47m272(8) nsAL
Sc-4843.67(9) hβ- → 48Ti100 %3.989(5) MeVAL
Sc-4957.2(2) minβ- → 49Ti100 %2.0025(27) MeVAL
Sc-50102.5(5) sβ- → 50Ti100 %6.884(15) MeVAL
Sc-50m0.35(4) sIso → 50Sc
β- → 50Ti		99.5(5) %
< 1.0 %
6.89 MeV		AL
Sc-5112.4(1) sβ- → 51Ti
β-, n → 50Ti		100 %
?		6.504(20) MeV
0.132(20) MeV		AL
Sc-528.2(2) sβ- → 52Ti100 %9.03(8) MeVAL
Sc-532.6(4) sβ- → 53Ti
β-, n → 52Ti		> 99.9 %
< 0.1 %		7.92(14) MeV
2.49(9) MeV		AL
Sc-54526(15) msβ- → 54Ti
β-, n → 53Ti		85(9) %
16(9) %		11.73(28) MeV
4.87(29) MeV		AL
Sc-54m2.77(2) μsIso → 54Sc100 %AL
Sc-55105(6) msβ- → 55Ti
β-, n → 54Ti		> 99.9 %
< 0.1 %		11.51(48) MeV
7.39(46) MeV		AL
Sc-5626(6) msβ- → 56Ti
β-, n → 55Ti		100 %
?		14.47(60) MeV
8.74(61) MeV		AL
Sc-5713(4) msβ- → 57Ti100 %12.92(133) MeVAL
Sc-5812(5) msβ- → 58Ti100 %16.23(45) MeVAL
Sc-5910 msβ- → 59Ti
β-, n → 58Ti		100 %
?		15.21(45) MeV
12.74(45) MeV		AL
Sc-600.003 sAL
Sc-61620 nsβ- → 61Ti
β-, n → 60Ti
β-, 2n → 59Ti		?
?
?		17.28(72) MeV

AL

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Scandium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Scandium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Scandium nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
45Sc
100 %
7/2-		+4,75400(8)6,5081
{- 0,220(2)}		10,35910,30244
5,1094

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Scandium radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Sc-43106 Bq10 Bq/g3.9 h
Sc-44105 Bq10 Bq/g0,03 TBq4.0 h
Sc-44m+107 Bq1 Bg/g2.4 d
Sc-46106 Bq0,1 Bq/g0,03 TBq1 Bq/cm283.8 d
Sc-47106 Bq100 Bq/g0,7 TBq10 Bq cm-23.4 d
Sc-48105 Bq1 Bq/g0,02 TBq1 Bq cm-243.7 h
Sc-49105 Bq103 Bq/g57.2 min

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Scandium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Scandium: NMR properties - 45Sc-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

 

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