Natural occurrences of the chemical element silver are composed of two isotopes in an approximate ratio of 1:1. These two silver isotopes 107 and 109 are considered stable and are NMR active.
Atomic Mass ma | Quantity | Half-life | Spin | |
Silver Isotopic mixture | 107,8682 u | 100 % | ||
Isotope 107Ag | 106,90509(2) u | 51,839(8) % | stable | 1/2- |
Isotope 109Ag | 108,904755(9) u | 48,161(8) % | stable | 1/2- |
In addition to the stable silver isotopes, 28 other nuclides are known.
Isotope Nuclide | E | N | Atomic Mass [Nuclear Mass] {Mass Excess} | Spin I (h/2π) | Parent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Silver-92 | 9247Ag | 45 | 91.96014(54) u [91.9343581 u] {-37.12935 MeV} | ||
Silver-93 | 9347Ag | 46 | 92.95033(43) u [92.9245481 u] {-46.26731 MeV} | ||
Silver-94 | 9447Ag | 47 | 93.94374(43) u [93.9179581 u] {-52.40585 MeV} | (0+) | |
Silver-94m1 | 94m147Ag | 47 | 93.94374(43) u [93.9179581 u] {-52.40585 MeV} | (7+) | |
Silver-94m2 | 94m247Ag | 47 | 93.94374(43) u [93.9179581 u] {-52.40585 MeV} | (21+) | |
Silver-95 | 9547Ag | 48 | 94.93602(32) u [94.9102381 u] {-59.59699 MeV} | (9/2+) | |
Silver-95m1 | 95m147Ag | 48 | 94.93602(32) u [94.9102381 u] {-59.59699 MeV} | (1/2-) | |
Silver-95m2 | 95m247Ag | 48 | 94.93602(32) u [94.9102381 u] {-59.59699 MeV} | (23/2+) | |
Silver-95m3 | 95m347Ag | 48 | 94.93602(32) u [94.9102381 u] {-59.59699 MeV} | (37/2+) | |
Silver-96 | 9647Ag | 49 | 95.93074(10) u [95.9049581 u] {-64.51527 MeV} | (8)+ | |
Silver-96m | 96m47Ag | 49 | 95.93074(10) u [95.9049581 u] {-64.51527 MeV} | (2+) | |
Silver-97 | 9747Ag | 50 | 96.92397(12) u [96.8981881 u] {-70.82149 MeV} | (9/2+) | |
Silver-98 | 9847Ag | 51 | 97.92156(4) u [97.8957781 u] {-73.06639 MeV} | (6+) | 98Cd |
Silver-99 | 9947Ag | 52 | 98.917646(7) u [98.8918641 u] {-76.71226 MeV} | (9/2+) | |
Silver-99m | 99m47Ag | 52 | 98.917646(7) u [98.8918641 u] {-76.71226 MeV} | (1/2-) | 99Cd 100In |
Silver-100 | 10047Ag | 53 | 99.916115(5) u [99.8903331 u] {-78.13837 MeV} | (5)+ | |
Silver-100m | 100m47Ag | 53 | 99.916115(5) u [99.8903331 u] {-78.13837 MeV} | (2)+ | 100Cd 101In |
Silver-101 | 10147Ag | 54 | 100.912684(5) u [100.8869021 u] {-81.33433 MeV} | 9/2+ | 101Cd |
Silver-101m | 101m47Ag | 54 | 100.912684(5) u [100.8869021 u] {-81.33433 MeV} | (1/2)- | |
Silver-102 | 10247Ag | 55 | 101.911705(9) u [101.8859231 u] {-82.24626 MeV} | 5(+) | 102Cd |
Silver-102m | 102m47Ag | 55 | 101.911705(9) u [101.8859231 u] {-82.24626 MeV} | 2+ | |
Silver-103 | 10347Ag | 56 | 102.908961(4) u [102.8831791 u] {-84.80228 MeV} | 7/2+ | 103Cd |
Silver-103m | 103m47Ag | 56 | 102.908961(4) u [102.8831791 u] {-84.80228 MeV} | 1/2- | |
Silver-104 | 10447Ag | 57 | 103.908624(4) u [103.8828421 u] {-85.1162 MeV} | 5+ | 104Cd |
Silver-104m | 104m47Ag | 57 | 103.908624(4) u [103.8828421 u] {-85.1162 MeV} | 2+ | |
Silver-105 | 10547Ag | 58 | 104.906526(5) u [104.8807441 u] {-87.07047 MeV} | 1/2- | 105Cd |
Silver-105m | 105m47Ag | 58 | 104.906526(5) u [104.8807441 u] {-87.07047 MeV} | 7/2+ | |
Silver-106 | 10647Ag | 59 | 105.906664(3) u [105.8808821 u] {-86.94192 MeV} | 1+ | |
Silver-106m | 106m47Ag | 59 | 105.906664(3) u [105.8808821 u] {-86.94192 MeV} | 6+ | |
Silver-107 | 10747Ag | 60 | 106.90509(2) u [106.8793081 u] {-88.4081 MeV} | 1/2- | 107Cd 107Pd |
Silver-107m | 107m47Ag | 60 | 106.90509(2) u [106.8793081 u] {-88.4081 MeV} | 7/2+ | |
Silver-108 | 10847Ag | 61 | 107.9059503(26) u [107.8801684 u] {-87.60673 MeV} | 1+ | |
Silver-108m | 108m47Ag | 61 | 107.9059503(26) u [107.8801684 u] {-87.60673 MeV} | 6+ | |
Silver-109 | 10947Ag | 62 | 108.904755(9) u [108.8789731 u] {-88.72015 MeV} | 1/2- | 109Cd 109Pd |
Silver-109m | 109m47Ag | 62 | 108.904755(9) u [108.8789731 u] {-88.72015 MeV} | 7/2+ | |
Silver-110 | 11047Ag | 63 | 109.9061107(14) u [109.8803288 u] {-87.45732 MeV} | 1+ | |
Silver-110m1 | 110m147Ag | 63 | 109.9061107(14) u [109.8803288 u] {-87.45732 MeV} | 2- | |
Silver-110m2 | 110m247Ag | 63 | 109.9061107(14) u [109.8803288 u] {-87.45732 MeV} | 6+ | |
Silver-111 | 11147Ag | 64 | 110.9052968(16) u [110.8795149 u] {-88.21546 MeV} | 1/2- | 111Pd |
Silver-111m | 111m47Ag | 64 | 110.9052968(16) u [110.8795149 u] {-88.21546 MeV} | 7/2+ | |
Silver-112 | 11247Ag | 65 | 111.9070485(26) u [111.8812666 u] {-86.58376 MeV} | 2(-) | 112Pd |
Silver-113 | 11347Ag | 66 | 112.906573(18) u [112.8807911 u] {-87.02669 MeV} | 1/2- | 113Pd |
Silver-113m | 113m47Ag | 66 | 112.906573(18) u [112.8807911 u] {-87.02669 MeV} | 7/2+ | |
Silver-114 | 11447Ag | 67 | 113.908823(5) u [113.8830411 u] {-84.93083 MeV} | 1+ | 114Pd |
Silver-115 | 11547Ag | 68 | 114.908767(20) u [114.8829851 u] {-84.98299 MeV} | 1/2- | 115Pd 252Cf |
Silver-115m | 115m47Ag | 68 | 114.908767(20) u [114.8829851 u] {-84.98299 MeV} | 7/2+ | |
Silver-116 | 11647Ag | 69 | 115.911387(3) u [115.8856051 u] {-82.54248 MeV} | (0-) | 116Pd |
Silver-116m1 | 116m147Ag | 69 | 115.911387(3) u [115.8856051 u] {-82.54248 MeV} | (3+) | |
Silver-116m2 | 116m247Ag | 69 | 115.911387(3) u [115.8856051 u] {-82.54248 MeV} | (6-) | |
Silver-117 | 11747Ag | 70 | 116.911774(15) u [116.8859921 u] {-82.18199 MeV} | (1/2-) | 117Pd |
Silver-117m | 117m47Ag | 70 | 116.911774(15) u [116.8859921 u] {-82.18199 MeV} | (7/2+) | |
Silver-118 | 11847Ag | 71 | 117.9145955(27) u [117.8888136 u] {-79.55378 MeV} | 1(-) | 118Pd |
Silver-118m | 118m47Ag | 71 | 117.9145955(27) u [117.8888136 u] {-79.55378 MeV} | 4(+) | |
Silver-119 | 11947Ag | 72 | 118.915570(16) u [118.8897881 u] {-78.64604 MeV} | (7/2+) | 119Pd |
Silver-119m | 119m47Ag | 72 | 118.915570(16) u [118.8897881 u] {-78.64604 MeV} | (1/2-) | |
Silver-120 | 12047Ag | 73 | 119.918785(5) u [119.8930031 u] {-75.65129 MeV} | 3(+) | 120Pd |
Silver-120m | 120m47Ag | 73 | 119.918785(5) u [119.8930031 u] {-75.65129 MeV} | 6(-) | |
Silver-121 | 12147Ag | 74 | 120.920125(13) u [120.8943431 u] {-74.40308 MeV} | (7/2+) | |
Silver-122 | 12247Ag | 75 | 121.92366(4) u [121.8978781 u] {-71.11025 MeV} | (3+) | |
Silver-122m1 | 122m147Ag | 75 | 121.92366(4) u [121.8978781 u] {-71.11025 MeV} | (1-) | |
Silver-122m2 | 122m247Ag | 75 | 121.92366(4) u [121.8978781 u] {-71.11025 MeV} | (9-) | |
Silver-123 | 12347Ag | 76 | 122.92534(3) u [122.8995581 u] {-69.54534 MeV} | (7/2+) | |
Silver-124 | 12447Ag | 77 | 123.92893(27) u [123.9031481 u] {-66.20128 MeV} | (3+) | |
Silver-125 | 12547Ag | 78 | 124.93073(46) u [124.9049481 u] {-64.52459 MeV} | (9/2+) | |
Silver-125m | 125m47Ag | 78 | 124.93073(46) u [124.9049481 u] {-64.52459 MeV} | (17/2-) | |
Silver-126 | 12647Ag | 79 | 125.93486(21) u [125.9090781 u] {-60.67752 MeV} | (3+) | |
Silver-127 | 12747Ag | 80 | 126.93726(21) u [126.9114781 u] {-58.44193 MeV} | ||
Silver-128 | 12847Ag | 81 | 127.94136(32) u [127.9155781 u] {-54.62281 MeV} | ||
Silver-129 | 12947Ag | 82 | 128.94420(43) u [128.9184181 u] {-51.97737 MeV} | (9/2+) | |
Silver-129m | 129m47Ag | 82 | 128.94420(43) u [128.9184181 u] {-51.97737 MeV} | (1/2-) | |
Silver-130 | 13047Ag | 83 | 129.95094(54) u [129.9251581 u] {-45.6991 MeV} | ||
Silver-131 | 13147Ag | 84 | 130.95665(54) u [130.9308681 u] {-40.38026 MeV} | ||
Silver-132 | 13247Ag | 85 | 131.96372(54) u [131.9379381 u] {-33.7946 MeV} |
Isotope | Radioactive Decay | Extern | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Half-life | Decay Mode | Probability | Energy | ||
7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
Ag-92 | EC/β+ → 92Pd EC, p → 91Rh p → 91Pd | ? ? ? | |||
Ag-93 | 228(16) ns | EC/β+ → 93Pd EC, p → 92Rh p → 92Pd | ? ? ? | 12.73(50) MeV | AL |
Ag-94 | 26 ms | EC/β+ → 94Pd EC, p → 93Rh | 100 % ? | 13.69(40) MeV | AL |
Ag-94m1 | 0.55(6) s | EC → 94Pd EC, p → 93Rh | 80 % 20 % | ||
Ag-94m2 | 0.40(4) s | EC → 94Pd EC, p → 93Rh p → 93Pd 2p → 92Rh | 95.4(7) % 27 % 4.1(6) % 0.5(3) % | ||
Ag-95 | 1.75(12) s | EC/β+ → 95Pd EC, p → 94Rh | 100 % ? | 10.37(30) MeV | AL |
Ag-95m1 | 500 ms | Iso → 95Ag | 100 % | ||
Ag-95m2 | 16 ms | Iso → 95Ag | 100 % | ||
Ag-95m3 | 40 ms | Iso → 95Ag | 100 % | ||
Ag-96 | 4.40(6) s | EC/β+ → 96Pd EC, p → 95Rh | 91.5 % 8.5 % | 11.67(9) MeV | AL |
Ag-96m | 6.9(6) s | EC/β+ → 96Pd EC, p → 95Rh | 82 % 18 % | ||
Ag-97 | 25.5(3) s | EC → 97Pd | 100 % | 6.98(11) MeV | AL |
Ag-98 | 47.5(3) s | EC/β+ → 98Pd EC, p → 97Rh | 99.9988 % 0.0011 % | 0.825(30) MeV | AL |
Ag-99 | 124(3) s | EC/β+ → 99Pd | 100 % | 5.470(8) MeV | AL |
Ag-99m | 10.5(5) s | Iso → 99Ag | 100 % | ||
Ag-100 | 2.01(9) min | EC/β+ → 100Pd | 100 % | 7.075(18) MeV | AL |
Ag-100m | 2.24(13) min | EC/β+ → 100Pd Iso → 100Ag | ? ? | ||
Ag-101 | 11.1(3) min | EC/β+ → 101Pd | 100 % | 4.098(7) MeV | AL |
Ag-101m | 3.10(10) s | Iso → 101Ag | 100 % | ||
Ag-102 | 12.9(3) min | EC/β+ → 102Pd | 100 % | 5.656(8) MeV | AL |
Ag-102m | 7.7(5) min | EC/β+ → 102Pd Iso → 102Ag | 51(5) % 49(5) % | ||
Ag-103 | 65.7(7) min | EC/β+ → 103Pd | 100 % | 2.654(4) MeV | AL |
Ag-103m | 5.7(3) s | Iso → 103Ag | 100 % | ||
Ag-104 | 69.2(10) min | EC/β+ → 104Pd | 100 % | 4.279(4) MeV | AL |
Ag-104m | 33.5(20) min | EC/β+ → 104Pd Iso → 104Ag | > 99.93 % < 0.07 % | ||
Ag-105 | 41.29(7) d | EC/β+ → 105Pd | 100 % | 1.347(5) MeV | AL |
Ag-105m | 7.23(16) min | EC/β+ → 105Pd Iso → 105Ag | 0.34 % 99.66(7) % | ||
Ag-106 | 23.96(4) min | EC/β+ → 106Pd β- → 106Cd | 99.5(5) % 0.5 % | 2.965(3) MeV 0.1898(28) MeV | AL |
Ag-106m | 8.28(2) d | EC/β+ → 106Pd | 100 % | ||
Ag-107 | stable | AL | |||
Ag-107m | 44.3(2) s | Iso → 107Ag | 100 % | ||
Ag-108 | 2.382(11) min | EC/β+ → 108Pd β- → 108Cd | 2.85(29) % 97.15(20) % | 1.9174(26) MeV 1.6457(26) MeV | AL |
Ag-108m | 438(9) a | EC/β+ → 108Pd Iso → 108Ag | 91.3(9) % 8.7(9) % | ||
Ag-109 | stable | AL | |||
Ag-109m | 39.79(21) s | Iso → 109Ag | 100 % | ||
Ag-110 | 24.56(11) s | EC → 110Pd β- → 110Cd | 0.30(6) % 99.70(6) % | 0.8736(14) MeV 2.8907(13) MeV | AL |
Ag-110m1 | 660(40) ns | ||||
Ag-110m2 | 249.83(4) d | Iso → 110Ag β- → 110Cd | 1.33(8) % 98.67(8) % | ||
Ag-111 | 7.45(1) d | β- → 111Cd | 100 % | 1.0368(14) MeV | AL |
Ag-111m | 64.8(8) s | β- → 111Cd Iso → 111Ag | 0.7(2) % 99.3(2) % | ||
Ag-112 | 3.130(9) h | β- → 112Cd | 100 % | 3.9911(24) MeV | AL |
Ag-113 | 5.37(5) h | β- → 113Cd | 100 % | 2.016(17) MeV | AL |
Ag-113m | 68.7(16) s | β- → 113Cd Iso → 113Ag | 36(7) % 64(7) % | ||
Ag-114 | 4.6(1) s | β- → 114Cd MeV | 100 % | 5.084(5) MeV | AL |
Ag-115 | 20.0(5) min | β- → 115Cd | 100 % | 3.102(18) MeV | AL |
Ag-115m | 18.0(7) s | β- → 115Cd Iso → 115Ag | 79.0(3) % 21.0(3) % | ||
Ag-116 | 230(5) s | β- → 116Cd | 100 % | 6.170(3) MeV | AL |
Ag-116m1 | 20(1) s | β- → 116Cd Iso → 116Ag | 93.0 % 7.0 % | ||
Ag-116m2 | 9.3(3) s | β- → 116Cd Iso → 116Ag | 92.0 % 8.0 % | ||
Ag-117 | ca. 72.8 s | β- → 117Cd | 100 % | 4.236(14) MeV | AL |
Ag-117m | 5.34(5) s | β- → 117Cd Iso → 117Ag | 94.0(15) % 6.0(15) % | ||
Ag-118 | 3.76(15) s | β- → 118Cd | 100 % | 7.148(20) MeV | AL |
Ag-118m | 2.0(2) s | β- → 118Cd Iso → 118Ag | 59 % 41 % | ||
Ag-119 | 2.1(1) s | β- → 119Cd | 100 % | 5.33(40) MeV | AL |
Ag-119m | 6.0(5) s | β- → 119Cd | 100 % | AL | |
Ag-120 | 1.23(4) s | β- → 120Cd β-, n → 119Cd | > 99.997 % < 0.003 % | 8.306(6) MeV 0.25(4) MeV | AL |
Ag-120m | 0.32(4) s | β- → 120Cd Iso → 120Ag | ca. 63 % ca. 37 % | ||
Ag-121 | 0.78(2) s | β- → 121Cd β-, n → 120Cd | 99.92 % 0.08 % | 6.671(12) MeV 1.483(13) MeV | AL |
Ag-122 | 529(13) ms | β- → 122Cd β-, n → 121Cd | 99.8 % 0.186(10) % | 9.510(4) MeV 1.90(4) MeV | AL |
Ag-122m1 | 0.55(5) s | β- → 122Cd β-, n → 121Cd Iso → 122Ag | ? ? ? | ||
Ag-122m2 | 0.20(5) s | β- → 122Cd β-, n → 121Cd | ? ? | ||
Ag-123 | 298(8) ms | β- → 123Cd β-, n → 122Cd | 99.45 % 0.55(7) % | 7.87(3) MeV 2.99(3) MeV | AL |
Ag-124 | 191(28) ms | β- → 124Cd β-, n → 123Cd | 98.7 % 1.3(9) % | 10.50(25) MeV 3.14(25) MeV | AL |
Ag-125 | 159(8) ms | β- → 125Cd β-, n → 124Cd | ? | 8.83(43) MeV 4.11(43) MeV | AL |
Ag-125m | 0.491(20) μs | Iso → 125Ag | 100 % | ||
Ag-126 | 52(10) ms | β- → 126Cd β-, n → 125Cd | 100 % ? | 11.58(29) MeV 4.60(20) MeV | AL |
Ag-127 | 109(25) ms | β- → 127Cd | 100 % | 10.31(20) MeV | AL |
Ag-128 | 58(5) ms | β- → 128Cd β-, n → 127Cd | 100 % ? | 12.62(30) MeV 6.06(30) MeV | AL |
Ag-129 | 46 ms | β- → 129Cd β-, n → 128Cd | 100 % ? | 11.08(40) MeV 7.19(40) MeV | AL |
Ag-129m | 160 ms | β- → 129Cd β-, n → 128Cd | > 0 % ? | ||
Ag-130 | 42(5) ms | β- → 130Cd β-, n → 129Cd β-, 2n → 128Cd | ? ? | AL | |
Ag-131 | 35(8) ms | β- → 131Cd β-, n → 130Cd β-, 2n → 129Cd | 100 % ? ? | 14.84(51) MeV 12.67(50) MeV | |
Ag-132 | 28 ms | β- → 132Cd β-, n → 131Cd β-, 2n → 130Cd β-, 3n → 129Cd | 100 % ? ? ? | 16.47(54) MeV 13.36(51) MeV |
Notes (related to the columns):
1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Silver isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.
7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Silver isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).
Miscellaneous:
()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
- unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.
Nuclide quantity 1) spin | Nuclear magnetic moment μ/μN | Gyromagnetic ratio {Quadrupole moment} | Resonant frequency v0 bei 1 T | Relative sensitivity H0 = const. v0 = const. 3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
107Ag 51,839(8) % 1/2- | - 0,11352(5) | 1,0878 {} | 1,7331 | 0,00007 0,0407 |
109Ag 48,161(8) % 1/2- | 0,13051(5) | 1,2519 {} | 1,9924 | 0,00010 0,0468 |
1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.
2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]
3) Related to 1H = 1,000.
According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Silver radionuclides:
Nuclide | Limit Value | HASS limit | SC | Daughter Nuclides | Half-life | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ag-102 | 105 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 12.9 min | |||
Ag-103 | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 1.1 h | |||
Ag-104 | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 69.2 min | |||
Ag-104m | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 33.5 min | |||
Ag-105 | 106 Bq | 1 Bq/g | 0,1 TBq | 1 Bq cm-2 | 41.3 d | |
Ag-106 | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 24.0 min | |||
Ag-106m | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 8.5 d | |||
Ag-108m+ | 106 Bq | 0,1 Bq/g | 0,04 TBq | 1 Bq cm-2 | Ag-108 | 418.0 a |
Ag-110m+ | 106 Bq | 0,1 Bq/g | 0,02 TBq | 1 Bq cm-2 | 249.8 d | |
Ag-111 | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 2 TBq | 100 Bq cm-2 | 7.5 d | |
Ag-112 | 105 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 3.1 h | |||
Ag-115 | 105 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 20.0 min |
(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)
Properties of the Silver nucleides
[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.
[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.
Silver: NMR properties - 107Ag-NMR, 109Ag-NMR
[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.
[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.
[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.
[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).
More sources:
[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.
[9] - Yan Luo et al.:
Accurate and Precise Determination of Silver Isotope Fractionation in Environmental Samples by Multicollector-ICPMS.
In: Analytical Chemistry, (2010), DOI 10.1021/ac100532r.
Last update: 2022-12-12
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/silver-isotopes.php
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