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Isotopes of Ytterbium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Ytterbium.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Ytterbium isotopes

All atomic nuclei of the chemical element ytterbium are summarized under ytterbium isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 70 protons and, in the uncharged state, 70 electrons. The difference between each ytterbium isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

 

Naturally Occurring Ytterbium Isotopes

Natural ytterbium deposits are composed of a total of seven different, stable isotopes:

Atomic Mass maQuantityHalf-lifeSpin
Ytterbium
Isotopic mixture		173,045 u100 %
Isotope 168Yb167,93389(2) u0,126(1) %stable0+
Isotope 170Yb169,93477(2) u3,023(2) %stable0+
Isotope 171Yb170,93633(2) u14,216(7) %stable1/2-
Isotope 172Yb171,93639(2) u21,754(10) %stable0+
Isotope 173Yb172,93822(2) u16,098(9) %stable5/2-
Isotope 174Yb173,93887(2) u31,896(26) %stable0+
Isotope 176Yb175,94258(2) u12,887(30) %stable0+

 

All other known and characterized ytterbium nuclides are unstable.

 

Isotope Table: Ytterbium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Ytterbium isotopes. Further information on the individual Ytterbium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Ytterbium-14814870Yb78147.96742(64) u
[147.9290229 u]
{-30.34807 MeV}		0+
Ytterbium-14914970Yb79148.96436(32) u
[148.9259629 u]
{-33.19845 MeV}		(1/2+,3/2+)150Lu
Ytterbium-15015070Yb80149.95852(32) u
[149.9201229 u]
{-38.63837 MeV}		0+151Lu
Ytterbium-15115170Yb81150.95540(32) u
[150.9170029 u]
{-41.54463 MeV}		(1/2+)
Ytterbium-151m1151m170Yb81150.95540(32) u
[150.9170029 u]
{-41.54463 MeV}		(11/2-)
Ytterbium-151m2151m270Yb81150.95540(32) u
[150.9170029 u]
{-41.54463 MeV}
Ytterbium-151m3151m370Yb81150.95540(32) u
[150.9170029 u]
{-41.54463 MeV}		(27/2-)
Ytterbium-15215270Yb82151.95033(16) u
[151.9119329 u]
{-46.26731 MeV}		0+152Lu
156Hf
Ytterbium-15315370Yb83152.94932(21) u
[152.9109229 u]
{-47.20812 MeV}		7/2-153Lu
157Hf
Ytterbium-15415470Yb84153.946396(19) u
[153.9079989 u]
{-49.9318 MeV}		0+154Lu
158Hf
Ytterbium-15515570Yb85154.945783(18) u
[154.9073859 u]
{-50.50281 MeV}		(7/2-)159Hf
Ytterbium-15615670Yb86155.942817(10) u
[155.9044199 u]
{-53.26562 MeV}		0+160Hf
Ytterbium-15715770Yb87156.942649(12) u
[156.9042519 u]
{-53.42211 MeV}		7/2-161Hf
157Lu
Ytterbium-15815870Yb88157.939871(9) u
[157.9014739 u]
{-56.0098 MeV}		0+162Hf
158Lu
Ytterbium-15915970Yb89158.940055(19) u
[158.9016579 u]
{-55.83841 MeV}		5/2(-)159Lu
Ytterbium-16016070Yb90159.937560(8) u
[159.8991629 u]
{-58.16249 MeV}		0+160Lu
Ytterbium-16116170Yb91160.937907(16) u
[160.8995099 u]
{-57.83926 MeV}		3/2-161Lu
Ytterbium-16216270Yb92161.935774(16) u
[161.8973769 u]
{-59.82613 MeV}		0+162Lu
Ytterbium-16316370Yb93162.936340(16) u
[162.8979429 u]
{-59.29891 MeV}		3/2-163Lu
Ytterbium-16416470Yb94163.934495(16) u
[163.8960979 u]
{-61.01751 MeV}		0+164Lu
Ytterbium-16516570Yb95164.935270(28) u
[164.8968729 u]
{-60.29561 MeV}		5/2-165Lu
Ytterbium-16616670Yb96165.933874(8) u
[165.8954769 u]
{-61.59597 MeV}		0+166Lu
Ytterbium-16716770Yb97166.934953(4) u
[166.8965559 u]
{-60.59089 MeV}		5/2-167Lu
Ytterbium-16816870Yb98167.93389(2) u
[167.8954929 u]
{-61.58107 MeV}		0+168Lu
168
Ytterbium-16916970Yb99168.9351820(13) u
[168.8967849 u]
{-60.37758 MeV}		7/2+169Lu
Ytterbium-169m169m70Yb99168.9351820(13) u
[168.8967849 u]
{-60.37758 MeV}		1/2-
Ytterbium-17017070Yb100169.93477(2) u
[169.8963729 u]
{-60.76135 MeV}		0+170Lu
170Tm
174Hf
Ytterbium-170m170m70Yb100169.93477(2) u
[169.8963729 u]
{-60.76135 MeV}		4-
Ytterbium-17117170Yb101170.93633(2) u
[170.8979329 u]
{-59.30822 MeV}		1/2-171Lu
171Tm
Ytterbium-171m1171m170Yb101170.93633(2) u
[170.8979329 u]
{-59.30822 MeV}		7/2+
Ytterbium-171m1171m170Yb101170.93633(2) u
[170.8979329 u]
{-59.30822 MeV}		5/2-
Ytterbium-17217270Yb102171.93639(2) u
[171.8979929 u]
{-59.25233 MeV}		0+172Lu
172Tm
Ytterbium-17317370Yb103172.93822(2) u
[172.8998229 u]
{-57.5477 MeV}		5/2-173Lu
173Tm
Ytterbium-17417470Yb104173.93887(2) u
[173.9004729 u]
{-56.94223 MeV}		0+174Lu
174Tm
Ytterbium-17517570Yb105174.94128191(8) u
[174.9028848 u]
{-54.69555 MeV}		(7/2-)175Tm
Ytterbium-175m175m70Yb105174.94128191(8) u
[174.9028848 u]
{-54.69555 MeV}		1/2-
Ytterbium-17617670Yb106175.94258(2) u
[175.9041829 u]
{-53.48639 MeV}		0+176Lu
176Tm
Ytterbium-176m176m70Yb106175.94258(2) u
[175.9041829 u]
{-53.48639 MeV}		8-
Ytterbium-17717770Yb107176.94526385(24) u
[176.9068668 u]
{-50.9864 MeV}		9/2+
Ytterbium-177m177m70Yb107176.94526385(24) u
[176.9068668 u]
{-50.9864 MeV}		(1/2-)
Ytterbium-17817870Yb108177.946650(11) u
[177.9082529 u]
{-49.6952 MeV}		0+
Ytterbium-17917970Yb109178.95004(21) u
[178.9116429 u]
{-46.53744 MeV}		(1/2-)
Ytterbium-18018070Yb110179.95212(32) u
[179.9137229 u]
{-44.59993 MeV}		0+
Ytterbium-18118170Yb111180.95589(32) u
[180.9174929 u]
{-41.0882 MeV}
Ytterbium-18218270Yb112181.95832(43) u
[181.9199229 u]
{-38.82467 MeV}		0+
Ytterbium-18318370Yb113182.96232(43) u
[182.9239229 u]
{-35.09869 MeV}
Ytterbium-18418470Yb114183.96507(54) u
[183.9266729 u]
{-32.53709 MeV}		0+
Ytterbium-18518570Yb115184.96940(54) u
[184.9310029 u]
{-28.50372 MeV}

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Yb-148250 msEC/β+ → 148Tm?AL
Yb-1490.7(2) sEC/β+ → 149Tm
EC, p → 148Er		100 %
?		10.68(36) MeV
AL
Yb-150200 nsAL
Yb-1511.6(1) sEC/β+ → 151Tm
EC, p → 150Er		< 100 %
> 0 %		9.23(30) MeV
AL
Yb-151m11.6(1) sEC/β+ → 151Tm
EC, p → 150Er
Iso → 151Yb		< 100 %
?
ca. 0.4 %
Yb-151m22.6(7) μsIso → 151Ybca. 100 %
Yb-151m320(1) μsIso → 151Yb100 %
Yb-1523.03(6) sEC/β+ → 152Tm
β+, p → 151Er		< 100 %
?		5.45(16) MeV
AL
Yb-1534.2(2) sEC/β+ → 153Tm
α → 149Er
β+, p 152Er		~ 40 %
~ 60 %
0.008 %		6.77(20) MeV
4.11(20) MeV
AL
Yb-1540.409(2) sEC/β+ → 154Tm
α → 150Er		7.4(12) %
92.6(12) %		4.495(23) MeV
5.4743(17) MeV		AL
Yb-1551.793(19) sEC/β+ → 155Tm
α → 151Er		11(4) %
89(4) %		6.123(19) MeV
5.3388(21) MeV		AL
Yb-15626.1(7) sEC/β+ → 156Tm
α → 152Er		90(2) %
10(2) %		3.569(17) MeV
4.810(4) MeV		AL
Yb-15738.6(10) sEC/β+ → 157Tm
α → 153Er		99.5 %
0.5 %		5.29(3) MeV
4.622(6) MeV		AL
Yb-1581.49(13) minEC/β+ → 158Tm
α → 154Er		99.9979 %
ca. 0.0021 %		2.693(26) MeV
4.170(7) MeV		AL
Yb-1591.67(9) minEC/β+ → 159Tm100 %4.73(3) MeVAL
Yb-1604.8(2) minEC/β+ → 160Tm100 %2.14(4) MeVAL
Yb-1614.2(2) minEC/β+ → 161Tm100 %4.06(3) MeVAL
Yb-16218.87(19) minEC/β+ → 162Tm100 %1.65(3) MeVAL
Yb-16311.05(35) minEC/β+ → 163Tm100 %3.430(16) MeVAL
Yb-16475.8(17) minEC → 164Tm100 %0.887(29) MeVAL
Yb-1659.9(3) minEC/β+ → 165Tm100 %2.634(27) MeVAL
Yb-16656.7(1) hEC → 166Tm100 %0.293(14) MeVAL
Yb-16717.5(2) minEC/β+ → 167Tm100 %1.953(4) MeVAL
Yb-168stableAL
Yb-16932.018(5) dEC → 169Tm100 %0.8976(15) MeVAL
Yb-169m46(2) sIso → 169Yb100 %
Yb-170stableAL
Yb-170m370(15) ns
Yb-171stableAL
Yb-171m1Iso → 171Yb100 %
Yb-171m2265(20) ns
Yb-172stableAL
Yb-173stableAL
Yb-174stableAL
Yb-1754.185(1) dβ- → 175Lu100 %0.4701(12) MeVAL
Yb-175m68.2(3) ms
Yb-176stableAL
Yb-176m11.4(3) sIso → 176Yb100 %
Yb-1771.911(3) hβ- → 177Lu100 %1.3975(12) MeVAL
Yb-177m6.41(2) sIso → 177Yb100 %
Yb-17874(3) minβ- → 178Lu100 %0.642(10) MeVAL
Yb-1798.0(4) minβ- → 179Lu100 %2.52(20) MeVAL
Yb-1802.4(5) minβ- → 180Lu100 %2.08(31) MeVAL
Yb-181160 nsβ- → 181Lu?3.71(32) MeVAL
Yb-182160 nsβ- → 182Lu?3.06(45) MeV
Yb-183222 nsβ- → 183Lu100 %4.62(41) MeV
Yb-184160 nsβ- → 184Lu?3.87(58) MeV
Yb-185160 nsβ- → 185Lu?5.39(58) MeV

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Ytterbium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Ytterbium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Ytterbium nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
171Yb
14,216(7) %
1/2-		+ 0,49367(1)4,7348
{}		7,52610,00552
0,1768
173Yb
16,098(9) %
5/2-		- 0,67989(3)- 1,3025
{+ 2,80(4)}

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Ytterbium radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Yb-162107 Bq100 Bq/g18.9 min
Yb-166+107 Bq100 Bq/g56.7 h
Yb-167106 Bq100 Bq/g17.5 min
Yb-169107 Bq10 Bq/g0,3 TBq32.0 d
Yb-175107 Bq100 Bq/g2 TBq100 Bq cm-24.2 d
Yb-177106 Bq100 Bq/g1.9 h
Yb-178+106 Bq1000 Bq/g74.0 min

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Ytterbium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Ytterbium: NMR properties - 171Yb-NMR, 173Yb-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

[9] - C. Fry, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium and ytterbium isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2012), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2012.05.004.

 

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