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All atomic nuclei of the chemical element ytterbium are summarized under ytterbium isotopes; these all consist of an atomic nucleus with 70 protons and, in the uncharged state, 70 electrons. The difference between each ytterbium isotope is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Natural ytterbium deposits are composed of a total of seven different, stable isotopes:
Atomic Mass ma | Quantity | Half-life | Spin | |
Ytterbium Isotopic mixture | 173,045 u | 100 % | ||
Isotope 168Yb | 167,93389(2) u | 0,126(1) % | stable | 0+ |
Isotope 170Yb | 169,93477(2) u | 3,023(2) % | stable | 0+ |
Isotope 171Yb | 170,93633(2) u | 14,216(7) % | stable | 1/2- |
Isotope 172Yb | 171,93639(2) u | 21,754(10) % | stable | 0+ |
Isotope 173Yb | 172,93822(2) u | 16,098(9) % | stable | 5/2- |
Isotope 174Yb | 173,93887(2) u | 31,896(26) % | stable | 0+ |
Isotope 176Yb | 175,94258(2) u | 12,887(30) % | stable | 0+ |
All other known and characterized ytterbium nuclides are unstable.
Isotope Nuclide | E | N | Atomic Mass [Nuclear Mass] {Mass Excess} | Spin I (h/2π) | Parent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ytterbium-148 | 14870Yb | 78 | 147.96742(64) u [147.9290229 u] {-30.34807 MeV} | 0+ | |
Ytterbium-149 | 14970Yb | 79 | 148.96436(32) u [148.9259629 u] {-33.19845 MeV} | (1/2+,3/2+) | 150Lu |
Ytterbium-150 | 15070Yb | 80 | 149.95852(32) u [149.9201229 u] {-38.63837 MeV} | 0+ | 151Lu |
Ytterbium-151 | 15170Yb | 81 | 150.95540(32) u [150.9170029 u] {-41.54463 MeV} | (1/2+) | |
Ytterbium-151m1 | 151m170Yb | 81 | 150.95540(32) u [150.9170029 u] {-41.54463 MeV} | (11/2-) | |
Ytterbium-151m2 | 151m270Yb | 81 | 150.95540(32) u [150.9170029 u] {-41.54463 MeV} | ||
Ytterbium-151m3 | 151m370Yb | 81 | 150.95540(32) u [150.9170029 u] {-41.54463 MeV} | (27/2-) | |
Ytterbium-152 | 15270Yb | 82 | 151.95033(16) u [151.9119329 u] {-46.26731 MeV} | 0+ | 152Lu 156Hf |
Ytterbium-153 | 15370Yb | 83 | 152.94932(21) u [152.9109229 u] {-47.20812 MeV} | 7/2- | 153Lu 157Hf |
Ytterbium-154 | 15470Yb | 84 | 153.946396(19) u [153.9079989 u] {-49.9318 MeV} | 0+ | 154Lu 158Hf |
Ytterbium-155 | 15570Yb | 85 | 154.945783(18) u [154.9073859 u] {-50.50281 MeV} | (7/2-) | 159Hf |
Ytterbium-156 | 15670Yb | 86 | 155.942817(10) u [155.9044199 u] {-53.26562 MeV} | 0+ | 160Hf |
Ytterbium-157 | 15770Yb | 87 | 156.942649(12) u [156.9042519 u] {-53.42211 MeV} | 7/2- | 161Hf 157Lu |
Ytterbium-158 | 15870Yb | 88 | 157.939871(9) u [157.9014739 u] {-56.0098 MeV} | 0+ | 162Hf 158Lu |
Ytterbium-159 | 15970Yb | 89 | 158.940055(19) u [158.9016579 u] {-55.83841 MeV} | 5/2(-) | 159Lu |
Ytterbium-160 | 16070Yb | 90 | 159.937560(8) u [159.8991629 u] {-58.16249 MeV} | 0+ | 160Lu |
Ytterbium-161 | 16170Yb | 91 | 160.937907(16) u [160.8995099 u] {-57.83926 MeV} | 3/2- | 161Lu |
Ytterbium-162 | 16270Yb | 92 | 161.935774(16) u [161.8973769 u] {-59.82613 MeV} | 0+ | 162Lu |
Ytterbium-163 | 16370Yb | 93 | 162.936340(16) u [162.8979429 u] {-59.29891 MeV} | 3/2- | 163Lu |
Ytterbium-164 | 16470Yb | 94 | 163.934495(16) u [163.8960979 u] {-61.01751 MeV} | 0+ | 164Lu |
Ytterbium-165 | 16570Yb | 95 | 164.935270(28) u [164.8968729 u] {-60.29561 MeV} | 5/2- | 165Lu |
Ytterbium-166 | 16670Yb | 96 | 165.933874(8) u [165.8954769 u] {-61.59597 MeV} | 0+ | 166Lu |
Ytterbium-167 | 16770Yb | 97 | 166.934953(4) u [166.8965559 u] {-60.59089 MeV} | 5/2- | 167Lu |
Ytterbium-168 | 16870Yb | 98 | 167.93389(2) u [167.8954929 u] {-61.58107 MeV} | 0+ | 168Lu 168 |
Ytterbium-169 | 16970Yb | 99 | 168.9351820(13) u [168.8967849 u] {-60.37758 MeV} | 7/2+ | 169Lu |
Ytterbium-169m | 169m70Yb | 99 | 168.9351820(13) u [168.8967849 u] {-60.37758 MeV} | 1/2- | |
Ytterbium-170 | 17070Yb | 100 | 169.93477(2) u [169.8963729 u] {-60.76135 MeV} | 0+ | 170Lu 170Tm 174Hf |
Ytterbium-170m | 170m70Yb | 100 | 169.93477(2) u [169.8963729 u] {-60.76135 MeV} | 4- | |
Ytterbium-171 | 17170Yb | 101 | 170.93633(2) u [170.8979329 u] {-59.30822 MeV} | 1/2- | 171Lu 171Tm |
Ytterbium-171m1 | 171m170Yb | 101 | 170.93633(2) u [170.8979329 u] {-59.30822 MeV} | 7/2+ | |
Ytterbium-171m1 | 171m170Yb | 101 | 170.93633(2) u [170.8979329 u] {-59.30822 MeV} | 5/2- | |
Ytterbium-172 | 17270Yb | 102 | 171.93639(2) u [171.8979929 u] {-59.25233 MeV} | 0+ | 172Lu 172Tm |
Ytterbium-173 | 17370Yb | 103 | 172.93822(2) u [172.8998229 u] {-57.5477 MeV} | 5/2- | 173Lu 173Tm |
Ytterbium-174 | 17470Yb | 104 | 173.93887(2) u [173.9004729 u] {-56.94223 MeV} | 0+ | 174Lu 174Tm |
Ytterbium-175 | 17570Yb | 105 | 174.94128191(8) u [174.9028848 u] {-54.69555 MeV} | (7/2-) | 175Tm |
Ytterbium-175m | 175m70Yb | 105 | 174.94128191(8) u [174.9028848 u] {-54.69555 MeV} | 1/2- | |
Ytterbium-176 | 17670Yb | 106 | 175.94258(2) u [175.9041829 u] {-53.48639 MeV} | 0+ | 176Lu 176Tm |
Ytterbium-176m | 176m70Yb | 106 | 175.94258(2) u [175.9041829 u] {-53.48639 MeV} | 8- | |
Ytterbium-177 | 17770Yb | 107 | 176.94526385(24) u [176.9068668 u] {-50.9864 MeV} | 9/2+ | |
Ytterbium-177m | 177m70Yb | 107 | 176.94526385(24) u [176.9068668 u] {-50.9864 MeV} | (1/2-) | |
Ytterbium-178 | 17870Yb | 108 | 177.946650(11) u [177.9082529 u] {-49.6952 MeV} | 0+ | |
Ytterbium-179 | 17970Yb | 109 | 178.95004(21) u [178.9116429 u] {-46.53744 MeV} | (1/2-) | |
Ytterbium-180 | 18070Yb | 110 | 179.95212(32) u [179.9137229 u] {-44.59993 MeV} | 0+ | |
Ytterbium-181 | 18170Yb | 111 | 180.95589(32) u [180.9174929 u] {-41.0882 MeV} | ||
Ytterbium-182 | 18270Yb | 112 | 181.95832(43) u [181.9199229 u] {-38.82467 MeV} | 0+ | |
Ytterbium-183 | 18370Yb | 113 | 182.96232(43) u [182.9239229 u] {-35.09869 MeV} | ||
Ytterbium-184 | 18470Yb | 114 | 183.96507(54) u [183.9266729 u] {-32.53709 MeV} | 0+ | |
Ytterbium-185 | 18570Yb | 115 | 184.96940(54) u [184.9310029 u] {-28.50372 MeV} |
Isotope | Radioactive Decay | Extern | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Half-life | Decay Mode | Probability | Energy | ||
7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
Yb-148 | 250 ms | EC/β+ → 148Tm | ? | AL | |
Yb-149 | 0.7(2) s | EC/β+ → 149Tm EC, p → 148Er | 100 % ? | 10.68(36) MeV | AL |
Yb-150 | 200 ns | AL | |||
Yb-151 | 1.6(1) s | EC/β+ → 151Tm EC, p → 150Er | < 100 % > 0 % | 9.23(30) MeV | AL |
Yb-151m1 | 1.6(1) s | EC/β+ → 151Tm EC, p → 150Er Iso → 151Yb | < 100 % ? ca. 0.4 % | ||
Yb-151m2 | 2.6(7) μs | Iso → 151Yb | ca. 100 % | ||
Yb-151m3 | 20(1) μs | Iso → 151Yb | 100 % | ||
Yb-152 | 3.03(6) s | EC/β+ → 152Tm β+, p → 151Er | < 100 % ? | 5.45(16) MeV | AL |
Yb-153 | 4.2(2) s | EC/β+ → 153Tm α → 149Er β+, p 152Er | ~ 40 % ~ 60 % 0.008 % | 6.77(20) MeV 4.11(20) MeV | AL |
Yb-154 | 0.409(2) s | EC/β+ → 154Tm α → 150Er | 7.4(12) % 92.6(12) % | 4.495(23) MeV 5.4743(17) MeV | AL |
Yb-155 | 1.793(19) s | EC/β+ → 155Tm α → 151Er | 11(4) % 89(4) % | 6.123(19) MeV 5.3388(21) MeV | AL |
Yb-156 | 26.1(7) s | EC/β+ → 156Tm α → 152Er | 90(2) % 10(2) % | 3.569(17) MeV 4.810(4) MeV | AL |
Yb-157 | 38.6(10) s | EC/β+ → 157Tm α → 153Er | 99.5 % 0.5 % | 5.29(3) MeV 4.622(6) MeV | AL |
Yb-158 | 1.49(13) min | EC/β+ → 158Tm α → 154Er | 99.9979 % ca. 0.0021 % | 2.693(26) MeV 4.170(7) MeV | AL |
Yb-159 | 1.67(9) min | EC/β+ → 159Tm | 100 % | 4.73(3) MeV | AL |
Yb-160 | 4.8(2) min | EC/β+ → 160Tm | 100 % | 2.14(4) MeV | AL |
Yb-161 | 4.2(2) min | EC/β+ → 161Tm | 100 % | 4.06(3) MeV | AL |
Yb-162 | 18.87(19) min | EC/β+ → 162Tm | 100 % | 1.65(3) MeV | AL |
Yb-163 | 11.05(35) min | EC/β+ → 163Tm | 100 % | 3.430(16) MeV | AL |
Yb-164 | 75.8(17) min | EC → 164Tm | 100 % | 0.887(29) MeV | AL |
Yb-165 | 9.9(3) min | EC/β+ → 165Tm | 100 % | 2.634(27) MeV | AL |
Yb-166 | 56.7(1) h | EC → 166Tm | 100 % | 0.293(14) MeV | AL |
Yb-167 | 17.5(2) min | EC/β+ → 167Tm | 100 % | 1.953(4) MeV | AL |
Yb-168 | stable | AL | |||
Yb-169 | 32.018(5) d | EC → 169Tm | 100 % | 0.8976(15) MeV | AL |
Yb-169m | 46(2) s | Iso → 169Yb | 100 % | ||
Yb-170 | stable | AL | |||
Yb-170m | 370(15) ns | ||||
Yb-171 | stable | AL | |||
Yb-171m1 | Iso → 171Yb | 100 % | |||
Yb-171m2 | 265(20) ns | ||||
Yb-172 | stable | AL | |||
Yb-173 | stable | AL | |||
Yb-174 | stable | AL | |||
Yb-175 | 4.185(1) d | β- → 175Lu | 100 % | 0.4701(12) MeV | AL |
Yb-175m | 68.2(3) ms | ||||
Yb-176 | stable | AL | |||
Yb-176m | 11.4(3) s | Iso → 176Yb | 100 % | ||
Yb-177 | 1.911(3) h | β- → 177Lu | 100 % | 1.3975(12) MeV | AL |
Yb-177m | 6.41(2) s | Iso → 177Yb | 100 % | ||
Yb-178 | 74(3) min | β- → 178Lu | 100 % | 0.642(10) MeV | AL |
Yb-179 | 8.0(4) min | β- → 179Lu | 100 % | 2.52(20) MeV | AL |
Yb-180 | 2.4(5) min | β- → 180Lu | 100 % | 2.08(31) MeV | AL |
Yb-181 | 160 ns | β- → 181Lu | ? | 3.71(32) MeV | AL |
Yb-182 | 160 ns | β- → 182Lu | ? | 3.06(45) MeV | |
Yb-183 | 222 ns | β- → 183Lu | 100 % | 4.62(41) MeV | |
Yb-184 | 160 ns | β- → 184Lu | ? | 3.87(58) MeV | |
Yb-185 | 160 ns | β- → 185Lu | ? | 5.39(58) MeV |
Notes (related to the columns):
1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Ytterbium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.
7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Ytterbium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).
Miscellaneous:
()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
- unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.
Nuclide quantity 1) spin | Nuclear magnetic moment μ/μN | Gyromagnetic ratio {Quadrupole moment} | Resonant frequency v0 bei 1 T | Relative sensitivity H0 = const. v0 = const. 3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
171Yb 14,216(7) % 1/2- | + 0,49367(1) | 4,7348 {} | 7,5261 | 0,00552 0,1768 |
173Yb 16,098(9) % 5/2- | - 0,67989(3) | - 1,3025 {+ 2,80(4)} |
1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.
2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]
3) Related to 1H = 1,000.
According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Ytterbium radionuclides:
Nuclide | Limit Value | HASS limit | SC | Daughter Nuclides | Half-life | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yb-162 | 107 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 18.9 min | |||
Yb-166+ | 107 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 56.7 h | |||
Yb-167 | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 17.5 min | |||
Yb-169 | 107 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 0,3 TBq | 32.0 d | ||
Yb-175 | 107 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 2 TBq | 100 Bq cm-2 | 4.2 d | |
Yb-177 | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 1.9 h | |||
Yb-178+ | 106 Bq | 1000 Bq/g | 74.0 min |
(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)
Properties of the Ytterbium nucleides
[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.
[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.
Ytterbium: NMR properties - 171Yb-NMR, 173Yb-NMR
[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.
[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.
[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.
[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).
More sources:
[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.
[9] - C. Fry, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium and ytterbium isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2012), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2012.05.004.
Last update: 2022-12-12
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