Gadolinium-154

Properties and data of the isotope ¹⁵⁴Gd.

Contents

Gadolinium-154 is a stable isotope of the chemical element gadolinium, accounting for 2.18 % of naturally occurring terrestrial gadolinium. In addition to the element-specific 64 protons, the atomic nucleus contains 90 neutrons; the sum of these nuclear constituents results in a mass number of 154.

Gd-154 was discovered in the 1930s [1,2].

See also: List of individual Gadolinium isotopes (and general data sources).

General data

Name of the isotope:Gadolinium-154; Gd-154Symbol:¹⁵⁴Gd or 15464GdMass number A:154 (= number of nucleons)Atomic number Z:64 (= number of protons)Neutrons N:90Nucleon pairing (Z - N):even - evenNuclear ratio (N/Z ratio):1.40625 (= neutron-proton ratio)Neutron excess (N-Z):26Isotopic mass:153.9208730(11) u (atomic weight of Gadolinium-154)Nuclide mass:153.8857667 u (calculated nuclear mass without electrons)Mass excess:-73.70633 MeVMass defect:1.359771488 u (per nucleus)Nuclear binding energy:1266.61898244 MeV (per nucleus)
8.22479859 MeV (average binding energy per nucleon)Separation energy:S_N = 8.89473(17) MeV (first neutron)
S_P = 7.6279(7) MeV (first proton)Half-life:stableSpin and parity:
(nuclear angular momentum)0+Charge radius:5.1223(40) femtometer fmYear of discovery:1938

Parent Nuclides

Direct parent isotopes are: ¹⁵⁴Tb, ¹⁵⁴Eu.

Occurrence

Comparison of the natural Gadolinium isotopes including isotopic abundance (mole fraction of the isotope mixture in percent):

	Atomic Mass m_a	Quantity	Half-life	Spin
Gadolinium Isotopic mixture	157.249 u	100 %
Isotope ¹⁵²Gd	151.9197984(11) u	0.20(3) %	1.08(8) × 10¹⁴ years	0+
Isotope ¹⁵⁴Gd	153.9208730(11) u	2.18(2) %	stable	0+
Isotope ¹⁵⁵Gd	154.9226294(11) u	14.80(9) %	stable	3/2-
Isotope ¹⁵⁶Gd	155.9221301(11) u	20.47(3) %	stable	0+
Isotope ¹⁵⁷Gd	156.9239674(10) u	15.65(4) %	stable	3/2-
Isotope ¹⁵⁸Gd	157.9241112(10) u	24.84(8) %	stable	0+
Isotope ¹⁶⁰Gd	159.9270612(12) u	21.86(3) %	stable	0+

Isotones and Isobars

The following table shows the atomic nuclei that are isotonic (same neutron number N = 90) and isobaric (same nucleon number A = 154) with Gadolinium-154. Naturally occurring isotopes are marked in green; light green = naturally occurring radionuclides.

Z	Isotone N = 90	Isobar A = 154
50	¹⁴⁰Sn
51	¹⁴¹Sb
52	¹⁴²Te
53	¹⁴³I
54	¹⁴⁴Xe
55	¹⁴⁵Cs
56	¹⁴⁶Ba	¹⁵⁴Ba
57	¹⁴⁷La	¹⁵⁴La
58	¹⁴⁸Ce	¹⁵⁴Ce
59	¹⁴⁹Pr	¹⁵⁴Pr
60	¹⁵⁰Nd	¹⁵⁴Nd
61	¹⁵¹Pm	¹⁵⁴Pm
62	¹⁵²Sm	¹⁵⁴Sm
63	¹⁵³Eu	¹⁵⁴Eu
64	¹⁵⁴Gd	¹⁵⁴Gd
65	¹⁵⁵Tb	¹⁵⁴Tb
66	¹⁵⁶Dy	¹⁵⁴Dy
67	¹⁵⁷Ho	¹⁵⁴Ho
68	¹⁵⁸Er	¹⁵⁴Er
69	¹⁵⁹Tm	¹⁵⁴Tm
70	¹⁶⁰Yb	¹⁵⁴Yb
71	¹⁶¹Lu	¹⁵⁴Lu
72	¹⁶²Hf	¹⁵⁴Hf
73	¹⁶³Ta
74	¹⁶⁴W
75	¹⁶⁵Re
76	¹⁶⁶Os
77	¹⁶⁷Ir
78	¹⁶⁸Pt
80	¹⁷⁰Hg