Niobium-93

Properties and data of the isotope ⁹³Nb.

Contents

General Data

Parent Nuclides

NMR Data

Isotones und Isobares

Literature

Niobium-93 is a radioisotope of the chemical element niobium, which has 52 neutrons in its atomic nucleus in addition to the element-specific 41 protons; the sum of the number of these atomic nucleus building blocks results in a mass number of 93. Natural terrestrial Nb deposits consist of 100% Nb-93.

Niobium-93 was discovered by vaporizing Niobium pentafluoride in a discharge tube and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis [1].

See also: List of individual Niobium isotopes (and general data sources).

General data

Name of the isotope:Niobium-93; Nb-93Symbol:⁹³Nb or 9341NbMass number A:93 (= number of nucleons)Atomic number Z:41 (= number of protons)Neutrons N:52Nucleon pairing (Z - N):odd - evenNuclear ratio (N/Z ratio):1.2682926829268 (= neutron-proton ratio)Neutron excess (N-Z):11Isotopic mass:92.9063732(16) u (atomic weight of Niobium-93)Nuclide mass:92.8838824 u (calculated nuclear mass without electrons)Mass excess:-87.2128 MeVMass defect:0.865028744 u (per nucleus)Nuclear binding energy:805.76908486 MeV (per nucleus)
8.66418371 MeV (average binding energy per nucleon)Separation energy:S_N = 8.8309(20) MeV (first neutron)
S_P = 6.0428(15) MeV (first proton)Half-life:stableSpin and parity:
(nuclear angular momentum)9/2+Magnetic dipole moment:μ(μ_N) = +6.163(2)Charge radius:4.3240(17) femtometer fmYear of discovery:1932

Parent Nuclides

Direct parent isotopes are: ⁹³Mo, ⁹³Zr.

Occurrence

Comparison of the natural Niobium isotopes including isotopic abundance (mole fraction of the isotope mixture in percent):

	Atomic Mass m_a	Quantity	Half-life	Spin
Niobium Isotopic mixture	92.90637 u	100 %
Isotope ⁹³Nb	92.9063732(16) u	100 %	stable	9/2+

NMR data

Nuclear magnetic properties and parameters of the NMR active Nuclide ⁹³Nb

Isotope:⁹³Nb-NMRQuantity:100 %Spin:9/2+Nuclearmagnetic moment
μ/μ_N:+6.163(2)Gyromagnetic ratio γ:6.5674 · 10⁷ rad T^-1 s^-1
10.45234 MHz T^-1Nuclear g-factor:g_l = 1.3695555555556Quadrupole moment Q:-0.32(2) barn (100 fm²)Line width parameter (factor):l = 75.85 fm⁴Resonance frequency:v₀ = 10.4523 MHz at 1 TRelative Sensitivity:[related to ¹H = 1.000]:
0.48821 (H₀ = const.)
8.1013 (v₀ = const.)
0.488 (at natural abundance)
relative receptivity as compared to ¹³C:
2870 (at natural abundance)Reference compound:
(conditions)The IUPAC recommends a saturated solution of the difficult-to-access Potassium hexachloroniobate K[NbCl₆] in a mixture of the isotopological compounds Acetonitrile and Acetonitrile-d3 (CH₃CN/CD₃CN).Frequency ratio:Ξ(⁹³Nb) = 24.476170 % [based on the reference substance]

Nuclear Isomers

Nuclear isomers or excited states with the activation energy in keV related to the ground state.

Nuclear Isomer	Excitation Energy	Half-life	Spin
^93mNb	30.77(2) keV	16.12(12) a	1/2-

Isotones and Isobars

The following table shows the atomic nuclei that are isotonic (same neutron number N = 52) and isobaric (same nucleon number A = 93) with Niobium-93. Naturally occurring isotopes are marked in green; light green = naturally occurring radionuclides.

Z	Isotone N = 52	Isobar A = 93
28	⁸⁰Ni
29	⁸¹Cu
30	⁸²Zn
31	⁸³Ga
32	⁸⁴Ge
33	⁸⁵As
34	⁸⁶Se	⁹³Se
35	⁸⁷Br	⁹³Br
36	⁸⁸Kr	⁹³Kr
37	⁸⁹Rb	⁹³Rb
38	⁹⁰Sr	⁹³Sr
39	⁹¹Y	⁹³Y
40	⁹²Zr	⁹³Zr
41	⁹³Nb	⁹³Nb
42	⁹⁴Mo	⁹³Mo
43	⁹⁵Tc	⁹³Tc
44	⁹⁶Ru	⁹³Ru
45	⁹⁷Rh	⁹³Rh
46	⁹⁸Pd	⁹³Pd
47	⁹⁹Ag	⁹³Ag
48	¹⁰⁰Cd
49	¹⁰¹In
50	¹⁰²Sn
51	¹⁰³Sb