Sodium-23

Properties and data of the isotope ²³Na.

Contents

General Data

Parent Nuclides

Use

NMR Data

Isotones und Isobares

Literature

Sodium-23 is a natural and stable isotope of the chemical element sodium, which, in addition to the element-specific 11 protons, has 12 neutrons in the atomic nucleus, resulting in the mass number 23. ²³Na is the only stable nuclide of sodium; It is therefore a monoisotopic element.

General data

Name of the isotope:Sodium-23; Na-23Symbol:²³Na or 2311NaMass number A:23 (= number of nucleons)Atomic number Z:11 (= number of protons)Neutrons N:12Isotopic mass:22.98976928(2) u (atomic weight of Sodium-23)Nuclide mass:22.9837349 u (calculated nuclear mass without electrons)Mass excess:-9.52985 MeVMass defect:0.200285064 u (per nucleus)Nuclear binding energy:186.56433541 MeV (per nucleus)
8.11149284 MeV (average binding energy per nucleon)Separation energy:S_N = 12.41978(13) MeV (first neutron)
S_P = 8.794109(18) MeV (first proton)Half-life:stableSpin and parity:
(nuclear angular momentum)3/2+Magnetic dipole moment:μ(μ_N) = +2.21750(3)Charge radius:2.9936(21) femtometer fmMirror nucleus:Magnesium-23Year of discovery:1921

Parent Nuclides

Direct parent isotopes are: ²³Mg, ²³Ne.

Occurrence

Comparison of the natural Sodium isotopes including isotopic abundance (mole fraction of the isotope mixture in percent):

	Atomic Mass m_a	Quantity	Half-life	Spin
Sodium Isotopic mixture	22.98976928 u	100 %
Isotope ²³Na	22.98976928(2) u	100 %	stable	3/2+
Isotope ²⁴Na	23.990963012(18) u	[trace]	14.956(3) h	4+
Isotope ²²Na	21.99443755(14) u	[trace]	2.6018(22) a	3+

Use

There are various applications in technology and medicine that are based on the nuclear or nuclear magnetic properties of the nuclide sodium-23, especially as a nuclear magnetic resonance-active isotope (see below) in NMR Spectroscopy.

Among the various analytical techniques, Na-23 nuclear magnetic resonance (²³Na-NMR) is a powerful tool for studying the chemical interactions and dynamic behavior of the omnivalent sodium ions. Relaxation plays a particularly important role here, a process in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which describes the temporal fall back (relaxation time) of the nuclear spin magnetization to the equilibrium state and - depending on the atomic nucleus - is based on different relaxation mechanisms [5].

In practice, the appropriate techniques open up a wide variety of investigation options, such as the solution behavior of sodium ions [1] or solid-state NMR analysis of the NIB electrode materials of Na-ion batteries [3] .

In biochemistry, ²³Na NMR spectroscopy is used to research metabolic processes in which Na ions are often involved, as well as to elucidate the structure and function of biomolecules such as for example, proteins and DNA [4].

Medicine finally uses sodium-23 in the form of ²³Na magnetic resonance imaging (²³Na-MRI ) as a biomarker and for the diagnosis or prognosis of various diseases and energy metabolism as well as for imaging [2].

NMR data

Nuclear magnetic properties of the NMR active Nuclide ²³Na

Isotope:²³Na-NMRQuantity:100 %Spin:3/2+Nuclearmagnetic moment
μ/μ_N:+2.21750(3)Gyromagnetic ratio γ:7.0801 · 10⁷ rad T^-1 s^-1Nuclear g-factor:g_l = 1.4783333333333Quadrupole moment Q:+0.104(1) barn (100 fm²)Line width parameter (factor):l = 144.21 fm⁴Resonance frequency:v₀ = 11.2688 at 1 TRelative Sensitivity:0.09270 (H₀ = const.)
1.3234 (v₀ = const.)
[related to ¹H = 1.000]

Isotones and Isobars

The following table shows the atomic nuclei that are isotonic (same neutron number N = 12) and isobaric (same nucleon number A = 23) with Sodium-23. Naturally occurring isotopes are marked in green; light green = naturally occurring radionuclides.

Z	Isotone N = 12	Isobar A = 23
4	¹⁶Be
5	¹⁷B
6	¹⁸C
7	¹⁹N	²³N
8	²⁰O	²³O
9	²¹F	²³F
10	²²Ne	²³Ne
11	²³Na	²³Na
12	²⁴Mg	²³Mg
13	²⁵Al	²³Al
14	²⁶Si	²³Si
15	²⁷P
16	²⁸S
17	²⁹Cl
18	³⁰Ar

External data and identifiers

Adopted Levels, Gammas:NuDat 23Na

Literature and References

[1] - E. G. Bloor, R. G. Kidd:
Solvation of sodium ions studied by ²³Na nuclear magnetic resonance.
In: Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 46, 22, (1968), DOI 10.1139/v68-569.

[2] - Linda Osei Poku, M. Phil, Yongna Cheng, Kai Wang, Xilin Sun:
²³Na-MRI as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis.
In: JMRI, 53, 4, 995-1014, (2020), DOI 10.1002/jmri.27147.

[3] - Dr. Kazuma Gotoh:
²³Na Solid-State NMR Analyses for Na-Ion Batteries and Materials.
In: Batteries & Supercaps, 4, 8, 1267-1278, (2021), DOI 10.1002/batt.202000295.

[4] - Binhan Yu, Karina G. Bien, Channing C. Pletka, Junji Iwahara:
Dynamics of Cations around DNA and Protein as Revealed by ²³Na Diffusion NMR Spectroscopy.
In: Analytical Chemistry, 94, 4, 2444-2452, (2022), DOI 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04197.

[5] - Yifan Song, Yu Yin, Qinlong Chen, Alessandro Marchetti, Xueqian Kong:
²³Na relaxometry: An overview of theory and applications.
In: Magnetic Resonance Letters, 3, 2, 150-174, (2023), DOI 10.1016/j.mrl.2023.04.001.