Aluminium

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Aluminium.

Contents

General Information about Aluminium

Regular nameAluminiumChemical symbolAlOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Aluminium

Atomic number Z13 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight26.9815384 (3)

Electron configuration of Aluminium

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	1

Shorthand electron configuration of Aluminium: [Ne] 3s² 3p¹ .

Ionization Energies of Aluminium

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Aluminium atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
5.985768	18.82855	28.44765	119.992	153.825	190.49	241.76	284.66

Isotopic Data of Aluminium

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Aluminium isotopes.

Chemistry of Aluminium

Oxidation states+3Electronegativity1.5 (Pauling original)
1.61 (Pauling)
1.613 (Allen)
1.4 (Mulliken)
1.54 (Sanderson)
1.47 (Allred-Rochow)
4.6393 eV (Gosh Gupta)
3.23 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.432 83(5) eV
41.762(5) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-2.310	Al	+ III 0	Tetrahydroxyaluminate anion Aluminium	Al(OH)₄^- ⇄ Al (s) + 4 OH^-	+ 3 e^-
-2.30	Al	+ III 0	Aluminium hydroxide Aluminium	Al(OH)₃ (s) ⇄ Al (s) + 3 OH^-	+ 3 e^-
-1.676	Al	+ III 0	Aluminium(III) cation Aluminium	Al³⁺ ⇄ Al (s)	+ 3 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point660.323 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)10.71 kJ mol^-1Enthalpy of fusion (specific)398 kJ mol^-1Boiling point2519 °CEnthalpy of vaporization293.72 kJ mol^-1Density2.70 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7429-90-5InChI =1S/AlInChIKeyXAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5359268

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Last update: 2022-11-24

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