Bismuth

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Bismuth.

Contents

General Information about Bismuth

Regular nameBismuthChemical symbolBiOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Bismuth

Atomic number Z83 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight208.98040 (1)

Electron configuration of Bismuth

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	10	2	6	10	14	2	6	10		2	3

Shorthand electron configuration of Bismuth: [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³ .

Ionization Energies of Bismuth

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Bismuth atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6
7.2855	16.703	25.56	45.3	56.0	88.3

Isotopic Data of Bismuth

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Bismuth isotopes.

Chemistry of Bismuth

Oxidation states+3Electronegativity1.9 (Pauling original)
2.02 (Pauling)
2.01 (Allen)
2.06 (Sanderson)
1.67 (Allred-Rochow)
4.69 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.942 362(13) eV
90.924(2) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-0.8	Bi	0 - III	Bismuth Bismuthane	Bi (s) + 3 H⁺ ⇄ BiH₃	+ 3 e^-
0.308	Bi	+ III 0	Bismuth(III) cation Bismuth	Bi³⁺ ⇄ Bi (s)	+ 3 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point271.5 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)11.30 kJ mol^-1Enthalpy of fusion (specific)55 kJ mol^-1Boiling point1564 °CEnthalpy of vaporization179.1 kJ mol^-1Density9.78 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-69-9InChI =1S/BiInChIKeyJCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5359367

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Last update: 2022-12-16

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