Bismuth
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Bismuth.
General Information about Bismuth
Regular nameBismuthChemical symbolBiOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership
Atomar Properties of Bismuth
Atomic number Z83 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight208.98040 (1)
Electron configuration of Bismuth
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 10 | | 2 | 3 | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 .
Ionization Energies of Bismuth
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Bismuth atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 | IE5 | IE6 |
|---|
| 7.2855 | 16.703 | 25.56 | 45.3 | 56.0 | 88.3 |
Isotopic Data of Bismuth
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Bismuth isotopes.
Chemistry of Bismuth
Oxidation states+3Electronegativity1.9 (Pauling original)
2.02 (Pauling)
2.01 (Allen)
2.06 (Sanderson)
1.67 (Allred-Rochow)
4.69 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.942 362(13) eV
90.924(2) kJ mol-1
Standard Electrode Potential
| E0 (V) | Symbol | Nox | Name Ox.
Name Red. | Ox.
Red. | e- |
|---|
| -0.8 | Bi | 0
- III | Bismuth
Bismuthane | Bi (s) + 3 H+
⇄ BiH3 | + 3 e- |
| 0.308 | Bi | + III
0 | Bismuth(III) cation
Bismuth | Bi3+
⇄ Bi (s) | + 3 e- |
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point271.5 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)11.30 kJ mol-1Enthalpy of fusion (specific)55 kJ mol-1Boiling point1564 °CEnthalpy of vaporization179.1 kJ mol-1Density9.78 g cm-3
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7440-69-9InChI =1S/BiInChIKeyJCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5359367
Last update: 2022-12-16
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/bismuth.php
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