Boron
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Boron.
General Information about Boron
Regular nameBoronChemical symbolBOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership
Atomar Properties of Boron
Atomic number Z5 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight10.81
intervall: [10.806, 10.821]
Electron configuration of Boron
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [He] 2s2 2p1.
Ionization Energies of Boron
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Boron atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 | IE5 |
|---|
| 8.29802 | 25.1548 | 37.93064 | 259.37521 | 340.22580 |
Isotopic Data of Boron
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Boron isotopes.
Chemistry of Boron
Valence electrons3Oxidation states+ 3Electronegativity2.0 (Pauling original)
2.04 (Pauling)
2.051 (Allen)
1.8 (Mulliken)
1.88 (Sanderson)
2.01 (Allred-Rochow)
4.9686 eV (Gosh Gupta)
4.29 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.279 723(25) eV
26.989(3) kJ mol-1
Standard Electrode Potential
| E0 (V) | Symbol | Nox | Name Ox.
Name Red. | Ox.
Red. | e- |
|---|
| -0.89 | B | + III
0 | Boric acid
Boron | H3BO3 + 3 H+
⇄ B (s) + 3 H2O | + 3 e- |
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point2077 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)50.2 kJ mol-1Boiling point3927 °CEnthalpy of vaporization538.9 kJ mol-1Density2.460 g cm-3
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7440-42-8InChI =1S/BInChIKeyZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5462311
Last update: 2022-12-12
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/boron.php
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