Calcium
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Calcium.
General Information about Calcium
Regular nameCalciumChemical symbolCaOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership
Atomar Properties of Calcium
Atomic number Z20 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight40.078 (4)
Electron configuration of Calcium
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [Ar] 4s2 .
Ionization Energies of Calcium
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Calcium atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 | IE5 | IE6 | IE7 | IE8 |
|---|
| 6.11316 | 11.87172 | 50.9135 | 67.27 | 84.50 | 108.78 | 127.2 | 147.24 |
Isotopic Data of Calcium
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Calcium isotopes.
Chemistry of Calcium
Oxidation states+2Electronegativity1.0 (Pauling original)
1.00 (Pauling)
1.034 (Allen)
1.06 (Sanderson)
1.04 (Allred-Rochow)
2.6965 eV (Gosh Gupta)
2.2 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.024 55(1) eV
2.37(1) kJ mol-1
Standard Electrode Potential
| E0 (V) | Symbol | Nox | Name Ox.
Name Red. | Ox.
Red. | e- |
|---|
| -2.868 | Ca | + II
0 | Calcium cation
Calcium | Ca2+
⇄ Ca (s) | + 2 e- |
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point842 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)8.54 kJ mol-1Boiling point1484 °CEnthalpy of vaporization149.95 kJ mol-1Density1.55 g cm-3
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7440-70-2InChI =1S/CaInChIKeyOYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5460341
Last update: 2022-12-12
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/calcium.php
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