Chromium

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Chromium.

Contents

General Information about Chromium

Regular nameChromiumChemical symbolCrOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Chromium

Atomic number Z24 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight51.9961 (6)

Electron configuration of Chromium

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	5	1

Shorthand electron configuration of Chromium: [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ .

Ionization Energies of Chromium

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Chromium atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
6.76651	16.4857	30.96	49.16	69.46	90.6356	160.18	184.7

Isotopic Data of Chromium

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Chromium isotopes.

Chemistry of Chromium

Oxidation states+3. +6Electronegativity1.6 (Pauling original)
1.66 (Pauling)
1.65 (Allen)
3.2951 eV (Gosh Gupta)
3.72 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.675 84(12) eV
65.21(2) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-0.74	Cr	+ III 0	Chromium(III) cation Chromium	Cr³⁺ ⇄ Cr (s)	+ 3 e^-
-0.42	Cr	+ III + II	Chromium(III) cation Chromium(II) cation	Cr³⁺ ⇄ Cr²⁺	+ e^-
1.33	Cr	+ VI + III	Dichromate anion Chromium(III) cation	Cr₂O₇^2- + 14 H⁺ ⇄ 2 Cr³⁺ + 7 H₂O	+ 6 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point1907 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)21.0 kJ mol^-1Enthalpy of fusion (specific)325 kJ mol^-1Boiling point2671 °CEnthalpy of vaporization348.78 kJ mol^-1Density7.18 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-47-3InChI =1S/CrInChIKeyVYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23976

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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