Hafnium
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Hafnium.
General Information about Hafnium
Regular nameHafniumChemical symbolHfOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership
Atomar Properties of Hafnium
Atomic number Z72 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight178.486 (6)
Electron configuration of Hafnium
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 2 | | 2 | | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 .
Ionization Energies of Hafnium
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Hafnium atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 |
|---|
| 6.82507 | 15 | 23.3 | 33.33 |
Isotopic Data of Hafnium
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Hafnium isotopes.
Chemistry of Hafnium
Oxidation states+4Electronegativity1.3 (Pauling original)
1.30 (Pauling)
1.16 (Allen)
3.8 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.1780(7) eV
17.18(7) kJ mol-1
Standard Electrode Potential
| E0 (V) | Symbol | Nox | Name Ox.
Name Red. | Ox.
Red. | e- |
|---|
| -1.70 | Hf | +IV
0 | Hafnium(IV) cation
Hafnium | Hf4+
⇄ Hf (s) | + 4 e- |
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point2233 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)27.2 kJ mol-1Boiling point4600 °CEnthalpy of vaporization661.1 kJ mol-1Density13.31 g cm-3
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7440-58-6InChI =1S/HfInChIKeyVBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23986
Last update: 2022-12-12
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/hafnium.php
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