Potassium
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Potassium.
General Information about Potassium
Regular namePotassiumChemical symbolKOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership
Atomar Properties of Potassium
Atomic number Z19 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight39.0983 (1)
Electron configuration of Potassium
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [Ar] 4s1 .
Ionization Energies of Potassium
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Potassium atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 | IE5 | IE6 | IE7 | IE8 |
|---|
| 4.3406633 | 31.63 | 45.806 | 60.91 | 82.66 | 99.4 | 117.56 | 154.88 |
Isotopic Data of Potassium
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Potassium isotopes.
Chemistry of Potassium
Oxidation states+1Electronegativity0.8 (Pauling original)
0.82 (Pauling)
0.734 (Allen)
1.1 (Mulliken)
0.74 (Sanderson)
0.91 (Allred-Rochow)
2.0027 eV (Gosh Gupta)
2.42 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.501 459(13) eV
48.383(2) kJ mol-1
Standard Electrode Potential
| E0 (V) | Symbol | Nox | Name Ox.
Name Red. | Ox.
Red. | e- |
|---|
| -2.931 | K | + I
0 | Potassium cation
Potassium | K+
⇄ K (s) | + e- |
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point63.38 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)2.321 kJ mol-1Boiling point759 °CEnthalpy of vaporization77.53 kJ mol-1Density0.862 g cm-3
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7440-09-7InChI =1S/KInChIKeyZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5462222
Last update: 2022-12-12
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/potassium.php
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