Ruthenium

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Ruthenium.

Content

General data

Atomar properties

Electron configutation

General Information about Ruthenium

Regular nameRutheniumChemical symbolRuOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Ruthenium

Atomic number Z44 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight101.07 (2)

Electron configuration of Ruthenium

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	10	2	6	7		1

Abbreviated form: [Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹ .

Ionization Energies of Ruthenium

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Ruthenium atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3
7.36050	16.76	28.47

Isotopic Data of Ruthenium

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Ruthenium isotopes.

Chemistry of Ruthenium

Oxidation states+4Electronegativity2.2 (Pauling original)
2.20 (Pauling)
1.54 (Allen)
3.3360 eV (Gosh Gupta)
4.5 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity1.046 38(25) eV
100.96(3) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
0.2487	Ru	+ III + II	Ruthenium(III) cation Ruthenium(II) cation	Ru³⁺ ⇄ Ru²⁺	+ e^-
0.455	Ru	+ II 0	Ruthenium(II) cation Ruthenium	Ru²⁺ ⇄ Ru (s)	+ 2 e^-
0.59	Ru	+ VII + VI	Tetraoxoruthenate(VII) anion Tetraoxoruthenate(VI) anion	RuO₄^- ⇄ RuO₄^2-	+ e^-
1.00	Ru	+ VIII + VII	Ruthenium(VIII)-oxid Tetraoxoruthenate(VII) anion	RuO₄ ⇄ RuO₄^-	+ e^-
1.038	Ru	+ VIII 0	Ruthenium(VIII) oxide Ruthenium	RuO₄ + 8 H⁺ ⇄ Ru + 4 H₂O	+ 8 e^-
1.120	Ru	+ IV + II	Ruthenium(IV)-oxid Ruthenium(II) cation	RuO₂ + 4 H⁺ ⇄ Ru²⁺ + 2 H₂O	+ 2 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point2333 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)38.59 kJ mol^-1Boiling point4147 °CEnthalpy of vaporization567.8 kJ mol^-1Density12.45 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-18-8InChI =1S/RuInChIKeyKJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23950

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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