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Isotopes of Sodium

List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Sodium.

Content
Atomic properties
Decay properties
NMR active nuclides
Radiation protection
References
Sodium isotopes

Sodium is a monoisotopic and mononuclide element: only one stable isotope of sodium 23Na occurs in nature. All other known isotopes are unstable.

The longest-lived artificial isotopes are 22Na, which undergoes β+ decay with a half-life of 2.602 years and 24Na, which also undergoes β+ decay with a half-life of 14.957 hours.

These nuclides are used as tracers in nuclear medicine. 22Na can be produced by irradiating magnesium or aluminum targets with protons from a cyclotron for several weeks. 24Na is formed from 23Na by neutron capture and can be produced in research reactors.

 

Isotope Table: Sodium

The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Sodium isotopes. Further information on the individual Sodium isotopes is listed on separate pages and can be accessed via the link in column 1.

 

Atomic Properties

Isotope
Nuclide		ENAtomic Mass
[Nuclear Mass]
{Mass Excess}		Spin I
(h/2π)		Parent
123456
Sodium-171711Na61.703727(6) u
[1.6976927 u]
{-14248.38652 MeV}		(1/2+)
Sodium-181811Na718.02688(10) u
[18.0208457 u]
{25.03856 MeV}		(1)-
Sodium-191911Na819.013880(11) u
[19.0078457 u]
{12.92914 MeV}		(5/2+)
Sodium-202011Na920.0073543(12) u
[20.00132 u]
{6.85049 MeV}		2+20Mg
Sodium-212111Na1020.99765446(5) u
[20.9916201 u]
{-2.18486 MeV}		3/2+21Mg
22Al
23Si
Sodium-222211Na1121.99443755(14) u
[21.9884032 u]
{-5.18139 MeV}		3+22Mg
23Al
Sodium-22m122m111Na1121.99443755(14) u
[21.9884032 u]
{-5.18139 MeV}		1+
Sodium-22m222m211Na1121.99443755(14) u
[21.9884032 u]
{-5.18139 MeV}		0+
Sodium-232311Na1222.98976928(2) u
[22.9837349 u]
{-9.52985 MeV}		3/2+23Mg
23Ne
Sodium-242411Na1323.990963012(18) u
[23.9849287 u]
{-8.4179 MeV}		4+24Ne
Sodium-24m24m11Na1323.990963012(18) u
[23.9849287 u]
{-8.4179 MeV}		1+
Sodium-252511Na1424.9899540(13) u
[24.9839197 u]
{-9.35779 MeV}		5/2+25Ne
Sodium-262611Na1525.992635(4) u
[25.9866007 u]
{-6.86045 MeV}		3+26Ne
Sodium-26m26m11Na1525.992635(4) u
[25.9866007 u]
{-6.86045 MeV}		1+
Sodium-272711Na1626.994076(4) u
[26.9880417 u]
{-5.51817 MeV}		5/2+
Sodium-282811Na1727.998939(11) u
[27.9929047 u]
{-0.98832 MeV}		1+28Ne
Sodium-292911Na1829.002877(8) u
[28.9968427 u]
{2.67991 MeV}		3/2+29Ne
Sodium-303011Na1930.009098(5) u
[30.0030637 u]
{8.47473 MeV}		2+30Ne
Sodium-313111Na2031.013147(15) u
[31.0071127 u]
{12.24635 MeV}		3/2+
Sodium-323211Na2132.02001(4) u
[32.0139757 u]
{18.63919 MeV}		(3-,4-)32Ne
Sodium-333311Na2233.02553(48) u
[33.0194957 u]
{23.78104 MeV}		(3/2+)
Sodium-343411Na2334.03401(64) u
[34.0279757 u]
{31.68011 MeV}		1+34Ne
Sodium-353511Na2435.04104(72) u
[35.0350057 u]
{38.22851 MeV}		(3/2+)
Sodium-363611Na2536.04971(73) u
[36.0436757 u]
{46.30457 MeV}
Sodium-373711Na2637.05747(74) u
[37.0514357 u]
{53.53296 MeV}		3/2+
Sodium-383811Na27
Sodium-393911Na2839.07512(80) u
[39.0690857 u]
{69.97383 MeV}		3/2+

 

Radioactive Decay Properties

IsotopeRadioactive DecayExtern
Half-lifeDecay ModeProbabilityEnergy
789101112
Na-17p → 16Ne?AL
Na-181.3(4) zsp → 17Ne? 100 %AL
Na-1911.4 zsp → 18Ne? 100 %0.832 MeVAL
Na-20447.9(23) msβ+ → 20Ne
β+, α → 16O		79.95(20) %
20.05(20) %		13.8925(11) MeV
9.160 MeV		AL
Na-2122.4615(39) sβ+ → 21Ne100 %3.54692(6) MeVAL
Na-222.6018(22) aEC β+ → 22Ne100 %2.84333(13) MeVAL
Na-22m1243(2) nsIso → 22NaAL
Na-22m219.6(7) psIso → 22NaAL
Na-23stableAL
Na-2414.956(3) hβ- → 24Mg100 %5.515677(21) MeVAL
Na-24m20.18(10) msβ- → 24Mg
Iso → 24Na		ca. 0.05 %
ca. 99.95 %		5.987884(21) MeV
0.4722071(14) MeV		AL
Na-2559.1(6) sβ- → 25Mg100 %3.8350(12) MeVAL
Na-261.07128(25) sβ- → 26Mg100 %9.354(4) MeVAL
Na-26m9(2) μsIso → 26Na100 %
Na-27301(6) msβ- → 27Mg
β-, n → 26Mg		98.7 %
0.13(4) %		9.069(4) MeV
2.625(4) MeV		AL
Na-2830.5(4) msβ- → 28Mg
β-, n → 27Mg		99.42 %
0.58(12) %		14.032(10) MeV
5.527(10) MeV		AL
Na-2944.1(9) msβ- → 29Mg
β-, n → 28Mg		78.5(30) %
21.5(30) %		13.292(7) MeV
9.629(7) MeV		AL
Na-3048(2) msβ- → 30Mg
β-, n → 29Mg
β-, 2n → 28Mg
β-, α → 26Ne		68.85 %
30(4) %
1.15 %
0.000055 %		17.272 MeV
10.909 MeV
7.237 MeV
5.507 MeV		AL
Na-3117.0(4) msβ- → 31Mg
β-, n → 30Mg
β-, 2n → 29Mg
β-, 3n → 28Mg		62.05 %
39(5) %
0.7(1) %
> 0.05 %		15.368(14) MeV
13.494 MeV
7.131 MeV
3.459 MeV		AL
Na-3213.2(4) msβ- → 32Mg
β-, n → 31Mg
β-, 2n → 30Mg		68 %
24(7) %
8.3 %		20.019 MeV
14.211 MeV
11.833 MeV		AL
Na-338.0(4) msβ- → 33Mg
β-, n → 32Mg
β-, 2n → 31Mg		40 %
47(6) %
13(3) %		19.995 MeV
17.773 MeV
11.964 MeV		AL
Na-345.5(10) msβ- → 34Mg
β-, n → 33Mg
β-, 2n → 32Mg		ca. 35 %
ca. 15 %
ca. 50 %		23.952 MeV
19.796 MeV
17.573 MeV		AL
Na-351.8(5) msβ- → 35Mg
β-, n → 34Mg
β-, xn

23.430 MeV
22.702 MeV
AL
Na-36180 nsn ? AL
Na-3760 nsβ- ?
β-, n ?

AL
Na-38noch unentdeckt
Na-391 msβ- 39Mg
β-, n 38Mg
β-, 2n 37Mg		?
?
?

 

Notes (related to the columns):

1 - name of the nuclide, isotope.
2 - E: isotope symbol with mass number (superscript; number of nucleons) and Atomic number (subscript; number of protons).
3 - N: number of neutrons.
4 - relative atomic mass of the Sodium isotope (isotopic mass including electrons) and the mass of the atomic nucleus in square brackets (nuclear mass, nuclide mass without electrons), each related to 12C = 12.00000 [2]. In addition, the mass excess is given in MeV.
5 - nuclear spin I, unit: h/2π.
6 - source nuclides: Possible, assumed or actual source nuclides (mother nuclides, parent nuclides). If applicable, the corresponding decay modes can be found in the data for the respective starting nuclide.

7 - isotope notation in short form.
8 - decay: half-live of the Sodium isotope (a = years; ; d = days; h = hours; min = minutes; s = seconds).
9 - decay mode: type of decay into the respective daughter nuclides with n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; α = alpha decay; β- = beta minus decay with electron emission; EC = electron capture; β+ = positron emission; ε = β+ and/or EC; Iso = isomeric transition; CD = cluster decay; SF = spontaneous decay.
10 - decay probability in percent (%).
11 - decay energy; Particle energy related to decay type.
12 - other information and notes: AL = Adopted Levels (link to external data [1]).

Miscellaneous:

()- Numbers in brackets: uncertainty to represent the spread of the reported value.
~ - Theoretical values or systematic trends.
  - unlisted-: Nuclides that have already been mentioned in the literature but for some reason can no longer be found in the current nuclide tables because their discovery e.g. has not confirmed.

 

NMR active Sodium nuclides

Nuclide
quantity 1)
spin		Nuclear
magnetic
moment
μ/μN		Gyromagnetic ratio
{Quadrupole moment}		Resonant
frequency
v0 bei 1 T		Relative
sensitivity
H0 = const.
v0 = const. 3)
23Na
100 %
3/2+		+2,21750(3)7,0801
{+0,104(1)}		11,26880,09270
1,3234

1) Quantity Percentage of natural occurrence.

2) Gyromagnetic ratio: 107 rad T-1 s-1
    Quadrupole moment: Q [barn] = [100 fm2]

3) Related to 1H = 1,000.

 

Radiation Protection

According to the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV 2018, Germany), the following values (columns 1 to 7) apply to the handling of Sodium radionuclides:

NuclideLimit ValueHASS limitSCDaughter NuclidesHalf-life
Na-22106 Bq10 Bq/g0,03 TBq1 Bq/cm22.6 a
Na-24105 Bq1 Bq/g0,02 TBq1 Bq/cm215.0 h

(HASS = High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources; SC = surface contamination)

 

Literature Sources and References

Properties of the Sodium nucleides

[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.

[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.

Sodium: NMR properties - 23Na-NMR

[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.

[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.

[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.

[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).

More sources:

[8] - Isotopic abundances, atomic weights and isotopic masses: see respective keyword.

 

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