Zinc

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Zinc.

Contents

General Information about Zinc

Regular nameZincChemical symbolZnOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Zinc

Atomic number Z30 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight65.38 (2)

Electron configuration of Zinc

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	10	2

Shorthand electron configuration of Zinc: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² .

Ionization Energies of Zinc

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Zinc atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
9.394199	17.96439	39.7233	59.57	82.6	108	134	174

Isotopic Data of Zinc

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Zinc isotopes.

Chemistry of Zinc

Oxidation states+2Electronegativity1.6 (Pauling original)
1.65 (Pauling)
1.59 (Allen)
1.86 (Sanderson)
1.66 (Allred-Rochow)
4.1332 eV (Gosh Gupta)
4.45 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity-0.6(2) eV
-58(20) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-1.260	Zn	+ II 0	Zinc(II) oxide Zinc	ZnO + H₂O ⇄ Zn + 2 OH^-	+ 2 e^-
-1.249	Zn	+ II 0	Zinc(II) hydroxide Zinc	Zn(OH)₂ ⇄ Zn + 2 OH^-	+ 2 e^-
-1.199	Zn	+ II 0	Tetrahydroxyzincate Zinc	Zn(OH)₄^2- ⇄ Zn (s) + 4 OH^-	+ 2 e^-
-0.7628	Zn	+ II 0	Zinc(II) cation Zinc	Zn²⁺ ⇄ Zn (Amalgam)	+ 2 e^-
-0.7618	Zn	+ II 0	Zinc(II) cation Zinc	Zn²⁺ ⇄ Zn (s)	+ 2 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point419.527 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)7.32 kJ mol^-1Boiling point907 °CEnthalpy of vaporization115.3 kJ mol^-1Density7.14 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-66-6InChI =1S/ZnInChIKeyHCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23994

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isotopes

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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