Zirconium
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Zirconium.
General Information about Zirconium
Regular nameZirconiumChemical symbolZrOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership
Atomar Properties of Zirconium
Atomic number Z40 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight91.224 (2)
Electron configuration of Zirconium
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 2 | | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [Kr] 4d2 5s2.
Ionization Energies of Zirconium
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Zirconium atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 | IE5 | IE6 |
|---|
| 6.63390 | 13.13 | 22.99 | 34.34 | 80.348 | 98.46 |
Isotopic Data of Zirconium
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Zirconium isotopes.
Chemistry of Zirconium
Valence electrons4Oxidation states+ 4Electronegativity1.4 (Pauling original)
1.33 (Pauling)
1.32 (Allen)
2.8489 eV (Gosh Gupta)
3.64 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.433 28(9) eV
41.806(9) kJ mol-1
Standard Electrode Potential
| E0 (V) | Symbol | Nox | Name Ox.
Name Red. | Ox.
Red. | e- |
|---|
| -2.36 | Zr | + IV
0 | Zirconiumoxid hydroxide
Zirconium | ZrO(OH)2 (s) + H2O
⇄ Zr (s) + 4 OH- | + 4 e- |
| -1.553 | Zr | + IV
0 | Zirconiumdioxid
Zirconium | ZrO2 + 4 H+
⇄ Zr (s) + 2 H2O | + 4 e- |
| -1.45 | Zr | + IV
0 | Zirconium(IV) cation
Zirconium | Zr4+
⇄ Zr (s) | + 4 e- |
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point1854 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)13.96 kJ mol-1Boiling point4377 °CEnthalpy of vaporization581.6 kJ mol-1Density6.52 g cm-3
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7440-67-7InChI =1S/ZrInChIKeyQCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23995
Last update: 2022-12-12
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/zirconium.php
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