Zirconium

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Zirconium.

Contents

General Information about Zirconium

Regular nameZirconiumChemical symbolZrOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Zirconium

Atomic number Z40 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight91.224 (2)

Electron configuration of Zirconium

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	10	2	6	2		2

Shorthand electron configuration of Zirconium: [Kr] 4d² 5s².

Ionization Energies of Zirconium

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Zirconium atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6
6.63390	13.13	22.99	34.34	80.348	98.46

Isotopic Data of Zirconium

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Zirconium isotopes.

Chemistry of Zirconium

Valence electrons4Oxidation states+ 4Electronegativity1.4 (Pauling original)
1.33 (Pauling)
1.32 (Allen)
2.8489 eV (Gosh Gupta)
3.64 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.433 28(9) eV
41.806(9) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-2.36	Zr	+ IV 0	Zirconiumoxid hydroxide Zirconium	ZrO(OH)₂ (s) + H₂O ⇄ Zr (s) + 4 OH^-	+ 4 e^-
-1.553	Zr	+ IV 0	Zirconiumdioxid Zirconium	ZrO₂ + 4 H⁺ ⇄ Zr (s) + 2 H₂O	+ 4 e^-
-1.45	Zr	+ IV 0	Zirconium(IV) cation Zirconium	Zr⁴⁺ ⇄ Zr (s)	+ 4 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point1854 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)13.96 kJ mol^-1Boiling point4377 °CEnthalpy of vaporization581.6 kJ mol^-1Density6.52 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-67-7InChI =1S/ZrInChIKeyQCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23995

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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