Gadolinium
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Gadolinium.
General Information about Gadolinium
Regular nameGadoliniumChemical symbolGdOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership
Atomar Properties of Gadolinium
Atomic number Z64 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight157.25 (3)
Electron configuration of Gadolinium
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 1 | | 2 | | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 .
Ionization Energies of Gadolinium
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Gadolinium atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 |
|---|
| 6.14980 | 12.09 | 20.63 | 44.0 |
Isotopic Data of Gadolinium
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Gadolinium isotopes.
Chemistry of Gadolinium
Oxidation states+3Electronegativity1.1 (Pauling original)
1.20 (Pauling)Electron affinity0.137 eV
13.22 kJ mol-1
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point1313 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)10.05 kJ mol-1Boiling point3273 °CEnthalpy of vaporization311.7 kJ mol-1Density7.886 g cm-3 (25 °C)
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7440-54-2InChI =1S/GdInChIKeyUIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23982
Last update: 2022-12-12
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/gadolinium.php
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