Gallium
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Gallium.
General Information about Gallium
Regular nameGalliumChemical symbolGaOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership
Atomar Properties of Gallium
Atomic number Z31 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight69.723 (1)
Electron configuration of Gallium
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 .
Ionization Energies of Gallium
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Gallium atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 | IE5 | IE6 | IE7 | IE8 |
|---|
| 5.9993016 | 20.51515 | 30.7258 | 63.241 | 86.01 | 112.7 | 140.9 | 169.9 |
Isotopic Data of Gallium
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Gallium isotopes.
Chemistry of Gallium
Oxidation states+3Electronegativity1.6 (Pauling original)
1.81 (Pauling)
1.756 (Allen)
1.4 (Mulliken)
2.10 (Sanderson)
1.82 (Allred-Rochow)
4.6638 eV (Gosh Gupta)
3.2 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.43(3) eV
41(3) kJ mol-1
Standard Electrode Potential
| E0 (V) | Symbol | Nox | Name Ox.
Name Red. | Ox.
Red. | e- |
|---|
| -0.53 | Ga | + III
0 | Gallium(III) cation
Gallium | Ga3+
⇄ Ga (s) | + 3 e- |
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point29.7646 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)5.59 kJ mol-1Boiling point2209 °CEnthalpy of vaporization256.1 kJ mol-1Density5.91 g cm-3
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7440-55-3InChI =1S/GaInChIKeyGYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5360835
Last update: 2022-12-12
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/gallium.php
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