Holmium
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Holmium.
Holmium is a chemical element with the symbol Ho and atomic number 67. It belongs to the group of lanthanides and is a silver-white, difficult to decompose metal. Holmium is very rare in nature and is mainly found in compounds with other lanthanides.
General Information about Holmium
Regular nameHolmiumChemical symbolHoOther namesElement 67Systematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originHolmia, the Latin name of Stockholm, SwedenDiscovery (year)(1878) - Marc Delafontaine, Jacques-Louis Soret. (1879) - Per Teodor CleveOccurenceChemically bound in combination with other elements, for example gadolinite, monazite and other rare earth minerals. Position 56 in the frequency of elements in the earth's crust.Position in the PSELanthanides, period 6, f-blockGroup membershipRare earth metals
Atomar Properties of Holmium
Atomic number Z67 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight164.930328 (7)
Electron configuration of Holmium
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 2 | 6 | | | 2 | | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [Xe] 4f11 6s2 .
Ionization Energies of Holmium
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Holmium atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 |
|---|
| 6.0215 | 11.80 | 22.84 | 42.5 |
Isotopic Data of Holmium
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Holmium isotopes.
Chemistry of Holmium
Oxidation states+3Electronegativity1.1 (Pauling original)
1.23 (Pauling)Electron affinity0.338 eV
32.61 kJ mol-1
Standard Electrode Potential
| E0 (V) | Symbol | Nox | Name Ox.
Name Red. | Ox.
Red. | e- |
|---|
| -2.8 | Ho | + III
+ II | Holmium(III) cation
Holmium(II) cation | Ho3+
⇄ Ho2+ | + 1 e- |
| -2.33 | Ho | + III
0 | Holmium(III) cation
Holmium | Ho3+
⇄ Ho (s) | + 3 e- |
| -2.1 | Ho | + II
0 | Holmium(II) cation
Holmium | Ho2+
⇄ Ho (s) | + 2 e- |
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point1472 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)17.0 kJ mol-1Boiling point2700 °CEnthalpy of vaporization251 kJ mol-1Density8.79 g cm-3
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7440-60-0InChI =1S/HoInChIKeyKJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23988
Last update: 2023-06-05
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/holmium.php
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