Nickel

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Nickel.

Contents

General Information about Nickel

Regular nameNickelChemical symbolNiOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Nickel

Atomic number Z28 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight58.6934 (4)

Electron configuration of Nickel

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	8	2

Shorthand electron configuration of Nickel: [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² .

Ionization Energies of Nickel

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Nickel atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
7.6398	18.16884	35.19	54.9	76.06	108	133	162

Isotopic Data of Nickel

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Nickel isotopes.

Chemistry of Nickel

Oxidation states+2Electronegativity1.8 (Pauling original)
1.91 (Pauling)
1.88 (Allen)
3.8584 eV (Gosh Gupta)
4.40 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity1.157 16(12) eV
111.65(2) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-0.490	Ni	+ IV + II	Nickel(IV) oxide Nickel(II) hydroxide	NiO₂ + 2 H₂O ⇄ Ni(OH)₂ + 2 OH^-	+ 2 e^-
-0.257	Ni	+ II 0	Nickel(II) cation Nickel	Ni²⁺ ⇄ Ni (s)	+ 2 e^-
1.678	Ni	+ IV + II	Nickel dioxide Nickel(II) cation	NiO₂ (s) + 4 H⁺ ⇄ Ni²⁺ + 2 H₂O	+ 2 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point1455 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)17.48 kJ mol^-1Boiling point2913 °CEnthalpy of vaporization371.8 kJ mol^-1Density8.908 g cm^-3 (20°C)

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-02-0InChI =1S/NiInChIKeyPXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID935

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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