Niobium
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Niobium.
General Information about Niobium
Regular nameNiobiumChemical symbolNbOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership
Atomar Properties of Niobium
Atomic number Z41 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight92.90637 (1)
Electron configuration of Niobium
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 4 | | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [Kr] 4d4 5s1 .
Ionization Energies of Niobium
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Niobium atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 | IE5 | IE6 | IE7 |
|---|
| 6.75885 | 14.0 | 25.04 | 38.3 | 50.55 | 102.057 | 125 |
Isotopic Data of Niobium
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Niobium isotopes.
Chemistry of Niobium
Oxidation states+5Electronegativity1.6 (Pauling original)
1.60 (Pauling)
1.41 (Allen)
2.9740 eV (Gosh Gupta)
4.0 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.917 40(7) eV
88.516(7) kJ mol-1
Standard Electrode Potential
| E0 (V) | Symbol | Nox | Name Ox.
Name Red. | Ox.
Red. | e- |
|---|
| -1.099 | Nb | + III
0 | Niobium(III) cation
Niobium | Nb3+
⇄ Nb (s) | + 3 e- |
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point2477 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)30 kJ mol-1Boiling point4741 °CEnthalpy of vaporization696.6 kJ mol-1Density8.57 g cm-3
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7440-03-1InChI =1S/NbInChIKeyGUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23936
Last update: 2022-12-12
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/niobium.php
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