Phosphorus
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Phosphorus.
General Information about Phosphorus
Regular namePhosphorusChemical symbolPOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership
Atomar Properties of Phosphorus
Atomic number Z15 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight30.973761998 (5)
Electron configuration of Phosphorus
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [Ne] 3s2 3p3 .
Ionization Energies of Phosphorus
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Phosphorus atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 | IE5 | IE6 | IE7 | IE8 |
|---|
| 10.48669 | 19.7695 | 30.20288 | 51.4443 | 65.02564 | 220.423 | 263.57 | 309.60 |
Isotopic Data of Phosphorus
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Phosphorus isotopes.
Chemistry of Phosphorus
Oxidation states- III. +III. +VElectronegativity2.1 (Pauling original)
2.19 (Pauling)
2.253 (Allen)
2.3 (Mulliken)
2.16 (Sanderson)
2.06 (Allred-Rochow)
6.3405 eV (Gosh Gupta)
5.62 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.746 607(10) eV
72.037(1) kJ mol-1
Standard Electrode Potential
| E0 (V) | Symbol | Nox | Name Ox.
Name Red. | Ox.
Red. | e- |
|---|
| -0.499 | P | + III
+ I | Phosphorous acid
Hypophosphorous acid | H3PO3 (aq) + 2 H+
⇄ H3PO2 + H2O | + 2 e- |
| -0.276 | P | + V
+ III | Phosphoric acid
Phosphorous acid | H3PO4 (aq) + 2 H+
⇄ H3PO3 (aq) + H2O | + 2 e- |
| -0.111 | P | 0
- III | Phosphorus, red
Monophosphane | P + 3 H+
⇄ PH3 (g) | + 3 e- |
| -0.063 | P | 0
- III | Phosphorus, white
Monophosphane | P + 3 H+
⇄ PH3 (g) | + 3 e- |
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point44.15 °C (w)
597.2 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)w: 0.66 kJ mol-1Boiling point280.5 °C (w)
431 °C (r. Sublimation)
620 °C (v)Enthalpy of vaporizationw: 51.9 kJ mol-1Density2.34 g cm-3 (r)
1.823 g cm-3 (w)
2.36 g cm-3 (v)
2.69 g cm-3 (schwarz)
jeweils bei Raumtemperatur.
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7723-14-0InChI =1S/PInChIKeyOAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5462309
Last update: 2022-12-12
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/phosphorus.php
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