Scandium
Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Scandium.
General Information about Scandium
Regular nameScandiumChemical symbolScOther namesSystematic nameHistorical namesEka-Boron.Name meaning, originLatin Scandia: meaning Scandinavia.Discovery (year)1879 - Lars Fredrik Nilson.OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership
Atomar Properties of Scandium
Atomic number Z21 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight44.955908 (5)
Electron configuration of Scandium
| 1s | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p | 3d | 4s | 4p | 4d | 4f | 5s | 5p | 5d | 5f | 6s | 6p | 6d | 6f | 7s | 7p |
|---|
| 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Abbreviated form: [Ar] 3d1 4s2 .
Ionization Energies of Scandium
The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volts (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Scandium atom.
| IE1 | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 | IE5 | IE6 | IE7 | IE8 |
|---|
| 6.56149 | 12.79977 | 24.75685 | 73.4900 | 91.65 | 110.68 | 138.0 | 158.1 |
Isotopic Data of Scandium
An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Scandium isotopes.
Chemistry of Scandium
Oxidation states+ 3Electronegativity1.3 (Pauling original)
1.36 (Pauling)
1.19 (Allen)
1.09 (Sanderson)
1.20 (Allred-Rochow)
2.8571 eV (Gosh Gupta)
3.34 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.188(20) eV
18(2) kJ mol-1
Standard Electrode Potential
| E0 (V) | Symbol | Nox | Name Ox.
Name Red. | Ox.
Red. | e- |
|---|
| -2.077 | Sc | + III
0 | Scandium(III) cation
Scandium | Sc3+
⇄ Sc (s) | + 3 e- |
Material and Physical Properties
Melting point1541 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)14.1 kJ mol-1Boiling point2836 °CEnthalpy of vaporization304.8 kJ mol-1Density2.985 g cm-3
External Data, Identifiers
CAS registry number7440-20-2InChI =1S/ScInChIKeySIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23952
Last update: 2023-05-17
Perma link: https://www.chemlin.org/chemical-elements/scandium.php
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